A single amino acid change in the cytoplasmic domain of the simian immunodeficiency virus transmembrane molecule increases envelope glycoprotein expression on infected cells

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Published in:Journal of Virology Vol. 69; no. 9; pp. 5217 - 5227
Main Authors: LaBranche, C C, Sauter, M M, Haggarty, B S, Vance, P J, Romano, J, Hart, T K, Bugelski, P J, Marsh, M, Hoxie, J A
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States American Society for Microbiology 01-09-1995
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AbstractList We have described a virus termed CP-MAC, derived from the BK28 molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus, that was remarkable for its ability to infect Sup-T1 cells with rapid kinetics, cell fusion, and CD4 down-modulation (C. C. LaBranche, M. M. Sauter, B. S. Haggarty, P. J. Vance, J. Romano, T. K. Hart, P. J. Bugelski, and J. A. Hoxie, J. Virol. 68:5509-5522, 1994 [Erratum 68:7665-7667]). Compared with BK28, CP-MAC exhibited a number of changes in its envelope glycoproteins, including a highly stable association between the external (SU) and transmembrane (TM) molecules, a more rapid electrophoretic mobility of TM, and, of particular interest, a marked increase in the level of envelope protein expression on the surface of infected cells. These changes were shown to be associated with 11 coding mutations in the env gene (5 in SU and 6 in TM). In this report, we demonstrate that a single amino acid mutation of a Tyr to a Cys at position 723 (Y723C) in the TM cytoplasmic domain of CP-MAC is the principal determinant for the increased expression of envelope glycoproteins on the cell surface. When introduced into the env gene of BK28, the Y723C mutation produced up to a 25-fold increase in the levels of SU and TM on chronically infected cells, as determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. A similar effect was observed when a Tyr-to-Cys change was introduced at the analogous position (amino acid 721) in the SIVmac239 molecular clone, which, unlike BK28 does not contain a premature stop codon in its TM cytoplasmic tail. Substituting other amino acids, including Ala, Ile, and Ser, at this position produced increases in surface envelope glycoproteins that were similar to that observed for the Cys substitution, while a Tyr-to-Phe mutation produced a smaller increase. These results could not be accounted for by differences in the kinetics or efficiency of envelope glycoprotein processing or by shedding of SU from infected cells. However, immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that the Y723C mutation in BK28 produced a striking redistribution of cell surface envelope molecules from localized patches to a diffuse pattern that covered the entire plasma membrane. This finding suggests that mutation of a Tyr residue in the simian immunodeficiency virus TM cytoplasmic domain may disrupt a structural element that can modulate envelope glycoprotein expression on the surface of infected cells.
We have described a virus termed CP-MAC, derived from the BK28 molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus, that was remarkable for its ability to infect Sup-T1 cells with rapid kinetics, cell fusion, and CD4 down-modulation. Compared with BK28, CP-MAC exhibited a number of changes in its envelope glycoproteins, including a highly stable association between the external (SU) and transmembrane (TM) molecules, a more rapid electrophoretic mobility of TM, and, of particular interest, a marked increase in the level of envelope protein expression on the surface of infected cells. These changes were shown to be associated with 11 coding mutations in the env gene (5 in SU and 6 in TM). In this report, we demonstrate that a single amino acid mutation of a Tyr to a Cys at position 723 (Y723C) in the TM cytoplasmic domain of CP-MAC is the principal determinant for the increased expression of envelope glycoproteins on the cell surface. When introduced into the env gene of BK28, the Y723C mutation produced up to a 25-fold increase in the levels of SU and TM on chronically infected cells, as determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. A similar effect was observed when a Tyr-to-Cys change was introduced at the analogous position (amino acid 721) in the SIVmac239 molecular clone, which, unlike BK28 does not contain a premature stop codon in its TM cytoplasmic tail. Substituting other amino acids, including Ala, Ile, and Ser, at this position produced increases in surface envelope glycoproteins that were similar to that observed for the Cys substitution, while a Tyr-to-Phe mutation produced a smaller increase. These results could not be accounted for by differences in the kinetics or efficiency of envelope glycoprotein processing or by shedding of SU from infected cells. However, immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that the Y723C mutation in BK28 produced a striking redistribution of cell surface envelope molecules from localized patches to a diffuse pattern that covered the entire plasma membrane. This finding suggests that mutation of a Tyr residue in the simian immunodeficiency virus TM cytoplasmic domain may disrupt a structural element that can modulate envelope glycoprotein expression on the surface of infected cells.
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Author J A Hoxie
J Romano
P J Bugelski
B S Haggarty
M Marsh
P J Vance
M M Sauter
T K Hart
C C LaBranche
AuthorAffiliation Hematology-Oncology Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Hematology-Oncology Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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  surname: LaBranche
  fullname: LaBranche, C C
  organization: Hematology-Oncology Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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  givenname: M M
  surname: Sauter
  fullname: Sauter, M M
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  surname: Haggarty
  fullname: Haggarty, B S
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  givenname: P J
  surname: Vance
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7636963$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Article Usage Stats Services JVI Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley...
We have described a virus termed CP-MAC, derived from the BK28 molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus, that was remarkable for its ability to infect...
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SubjectTerms Amino Acid Sequence
Animals
Antibodies, Monoclonal
Base Sequence
Cell Line
Cell Membrane - metabolism
Cloning, Molecular
Cytoplasm - metabolism
DNA Primers
Flow Cytometry
Gene Products, env - biosynthesis
Gene Products, env - metabolism
Genes, env
Herpes Simplex Virus Protein Vmw65 - metabolism
HIV - genetics
Immunoblotting
Kinetics
Mice - immunology
Microscopy, Immunoelectron
Molecular Sequence Data
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Point Mutation
Recombinant Proteins - biosynthesis
Recombinant Proteins - metabolism
Restriction Mapping
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
simian immunodeficiency virus
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus - genetics
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus - metabolism
Transcription Factors - metabolism
Title A single amino acid change in the cytoplasmic domain of the simian immunodeficiency virus transmembrane molecule increases envelope glycoprotein expression on infected cells
URI http://jvi.asm.org/content/69/9/5217.abstract
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7636963
https://search.proquest.com/docview/16841647
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC189351
Volume 69
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