A single amino acid change in the cytoplasmic domain of the simian immunodeficiency virus transmembrane molecule increases envelope glycoprotein expression on infected cells
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Published in: | Journal of Virology Vol. 69; no. 9; pp. 5217 - 5227 |
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AbstractList | We have described a virus termed CP-MAC, derived from the BK28 molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus, that was remarkable for its ability to infect Sup-T1 cells with rapid kinetics, cell fusion, and CD4 down-modulation (C. C. LaBranche, M. M. Sauter, B. S. Haggarty, P. J. Vance, J. Romano, T. K. Hart, P. J. Bugelski, and J. A. Hoxie, J. Virol. 68:5509-5522, 1994 [Erratum 68:7665-7667]). Compared with BK28, CP-MAC exhibited a number of changes in its envelope glycoproteins, including a highly stable association between the external (SU) and transmembrane (TM) molecules, a more rapid electrophoretic mobility of TM, and, of particular interest, a marked increase in the level of envelope protein expression on the surface of infected cells. These changes were shown to be associated with 11 coding mutations in the env gene (5 in SU and 6 in TM). In this report, we demonstrate that a single amino acid mutation of a Tyr to a Cys at position 723 (Y723C) in the TM cytoplasmic domain of CP-MAC is the principal determinant for the increased expression of envelope glycoproteins on the cell surface. When introduced into the env gene of BK28, the Y723C mutation produced up to a 25-fold increase in the levels of SU and TM on chronically infected cells, as determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. A similar effect was observed when a Tyr-to-Cys change was introduced at the analogous position (amino acid 721) in the SIVmac239 molecular clone, which, unlike BK28 does not contain a premature stop codon in its TM cytoplasmic tail. Substituting other amino acids, including Ala, Ile, and Ser, at this position produced increases in surface envelope glycoproteins that were similar to that observed for the Cys substitution, while a Tyr-to-Phe mutation produced a smaller increase. These results could not be accounted for by differences in the kinetics or efficiency of envelope glycoprotein processing or by shedding of SU from infected cells. However, immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that the Y723C mutation in BK28 produced a striking redistribution of cell surface envelope molecules from localized patches to a diffuse pattern that covered the entire plasma membrane. This finding suggests that mutation of a Tyr residue in the simian immunodeficiency virus TM cytoplasmic domain may disrupt a structural element that can modulate envelope glycoprotein expression on the surface of infected cells. We have described a virus termed CP-MAC, derived from the BK28 molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus, that was remarkable for its ability to infect Sup-T1 cells with rapid kinetics, cell fusion, and CD4 down-modulation. Compared with BK28, CP-MAC exhibited a number of changes in its envelope glycoproteins, including a highly stable association between the external (SU) and transmembrane (TM) molecules, a more rapid electrophoretic mobility of TM, and, of particular interest, a marked increase in the level of envelope protein expression on the surface of infected cells. These changes were shown to be associated with 11 coding mutations in the env gene (5 in SU and 6 in TM). In this report, we demonstrate that a single amino acid mutation of a Tyr to a Cys at position 723 (Y723C) in the TM cytoplasmic domain of CP-MAC is the principal determinant for the increased expression of envelope glycoproteins on the cell surface. When introduced into the env gene of BK28, the Y723C mutation produced up to a 25-fold increase in the levels of SU and TM on chronically infected cells, as determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. A similar effect was observed when a Tyr-to-Cys change was introduced at the analogous position (amino acid 721) in the SIVmac239 molecular clone, which, unlike BK28 does not contain a premature stop codon in its TM cytoplasmic tail. Substituting other amino acids, including Ala, Ile, and Ser, at this position produced increases in surface envelope glycoproteins that were similar to that observed for the Cys substitution, while a Tyr-to-Phe mutation produced a smaller increase. These results could not be accounted for by differences in the kinetics or efficiency of envelope glycoprotein processing or by shedding of SU from infected cells. However, immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that the Y723C mutation in BK28 produced a striking redistribution of cell surface envelope molecules from localized patches to a diffuse pattern that covered the entire plasma membrane. This finding suggests that mutation of a Tyr residue in the simian immunodeficiency virus TM cytoplasmic domain may disrupt a structural element that can modulate envelope glycoprotein expression on the surface of infected cells. Article Usage Stats Services JVI Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue Spotlights in the Current Issue JVI About JVI Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy JVI RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • journals@asmusa.org Print ISSN: 0022-538X Online ISSN: 1098-5514 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Microbiology. For an alternate route to JVI .asm.org, visit: JVI |
Author | J A Hoxie J Romano P J Bugelski B S Haggarty M Marsh P J Vance M M Sauter T K Hart C C LaBranche |
AuthorAffiliation | Hematology-Oncology Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Hematology-Oncology Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: C C surname: LaBranche fullname: LaBranche, C C organization: Hematology-Oncology Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: M M surname: Sauter fullname: Sauter, M M – sequence: 3 givenname: B S surname: Haggarty fullname: Haggarty, B S – sequence: 4 givenname: P J surname: Vance fullname: Vance, P J – sequence: 5 givenname: J surname: Romano fullname: Romano, J – sequence: 6 givenname: T K surname: Hart fullname: Hart, T K – sequence: 7 givenname: P J surname: Bugelski fullname: Bugelski, P J – sequence: 8 givenname: M surname: Marsh fullname: Marsh, M – sequence: 9 givenname: J A surname: Hoxie fullname: Hoxie, J A |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7636963$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Mendeley... We have described a virus termed CP-MAC, derived from the BK28 molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus, that was remarkable for its ability to infect... |
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SubjectTerms | Amino Acid Sequence Animals Antibodies, Monoclonal Base Sequence Cell Line Cell Membrane - metabolism Cloning, Molecular Cytoplasm - metabolism DNA Primers Flow Cytometry Gene Products, env - biosynthesis Gene Products, env - metabolism Genes, env Herpes Simplex Virus Protein Vmw65 - metabolism HIV - genetics Immunoblotting Kinetics Mice - immunology Microscopy, Immunoelectron Molecular Sequence Data Mutagenesis, Site-Directed Point Mutation Recombinant Proteins - biosynthesis Recombinant Proteins - metabolism Restriction Mapping Sequence Homology, Amino Acid simian immunodeficiency virus Simian Immunodeficiency Virus - genetics Simian Immunodeficiency Virus - metabolism Transcription Factors - metabolism |
Title | A single amino acid change in the cytoplasmic domain of the simian immunodeficiency virus transmembrane molecule increases envelope glycoprotein expression on infected cells |
URI | http://jvi.asm.org/content/69/9/5217.abstract https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7636963 https://search.proquest.com/docview/16841647 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC189351 |
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