Development and evaluation of an Earth-System model – HadGEM2

We describe here the development and evaluation of an Earth system model suitable for centennial-scale climate prediction. The principal new components added to the physical climate model are the terrestrial and ocean ecosystems and gas-phase tropospheric chemistry, along with their coupled interact...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Geoscientific Model Development Vol. 4; no. 4; pp. 1051 - 1075
Main Authors:	Collins, W. J., Bellouin, N., Doutriaux-Boucher, M., Gedney, N., Halloran, P., Hinton, T., Hughes, J., Jones, C. D., Joshi, M., Liddicoat, S., Martin, G., O'Connor, F., Rae, J., Senior, C., Sitch, S., Totterdell, I., Wiltshire, A., Woodward, S.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Katlenburg-Lindau Copernicus GmbH 01-01-2011 Copernicus Publications
Subjects:	Balancing Climate Computer simulation Earth Feedback Mathematical models Oceans Offices
Online Access:	Get full text
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Abstract	We describe here the development and evaluation of an Earth system model suitable for centennial-scale climate prediction. The principal new components added to the physical climate model are the terrestrial and ocean ecosystems and gas-phase tropospheric chemistry, along with their coupled interactions. The individual Earth system components are described briefly and the relevant interactions between the components are explained. Because the multiple interactions could lead to unstable feedbacks, we go through a careful process of model spin up to ensure that all components are stable and the interactions balanced. This spun-up configuration is evaluated against observed data for the Earth system components and is generally found to perform very satisfactorily. The reason for the evaluation phase is that the model is to be used for the core climate simulations carried out by the Met Office Hadley Centre for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), so it is essential that addition of the extra complexity does not detract substantially from its climate performance. Localised changes in some specific meteorological variables can be identified, but the impacts on the overall simulation of present day climate are slight. This model is proving valuable both for climate predictions, and for investigating the strengths of biogeochemical feedbacks.
AbstractList	We describe here the development and evaluation of an Earth system model suitable for centennial-scale climate prediction. The principal new components added to the physical climate model are the terrestrial and ocean ecosystems and gas-phase tropospheric chemistry, along with their coupled interactions. The individual Earth system components are described briefly and the relevant interactions between the components are explained. Because the multiple interactions could lead to unstable feedbacks, we go through a careful process of model spin up to ensure that all components are stable and the interactions balanced. This spun-up configuration is evaluated against observed data for the Earth system components and is generally found to perform very satisfactorily. The reason for the evaluation phase is that the model is to be used for the core climate simulations carried out by the Met Office Hadley Centre for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), so it is essential that addition of the extra complexity does not detract substantially from its climate performance. Localised changes in some specific meteorological variables can be identified, but the impacts on the overall simulation of present day climate are slight. This model is proving valuable both for climate predictions, and for investigating the strengths of biogeochemical feedbacks. We describe here the development and evaluation of an Earth system model suitable for centennial-scale climate prediction. The principal new components added to the physical climate model are the terrestrial and ocean ecosystems and gas-phase tropospheric chemistry, along with their coupled interactions. The individual Earth system components are described briefly and the relevant interactions between the components are explained. Because the multiple interactions could lead to unstable feedbacks, we go through a careful process of model spin up to ensure that all components are stable and the interactions balanced. This spun-up configuration is evaluated against observed data for the Earth system components and is generally found to perform very satisfactorily. The reason for the evaluation phase is that the model is to be used for the core climate simulations carried out by the Met Office Hadley Centre for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), so it is essential that addition of the extra complexity does not detract substantially from its climate performance. Localised changes in some specific meteorological variables can be identified, but the impacts on the overall simulation of present day climate are slight. This model is proving valuable both for climate predictions, and for investigating the strengths of biogeochemical feedbacks.
Author	O'Connor, F. Liddicoat, S. Hughes, J. Rae, J. Totterdell, I. Gedney, N. Senior, C. Bellouin, N. Hinton, T. Sitch, S. Doutriaux-Boucher, M. Joshi, M. Halloran, P. Collins, W. J. Wiltshire, A. Woodward, S. Martin, G. Jones, C. D.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: W. J. surname: Collins fullname: Collins, W. J. – sequence: 2 givenname: N. surname: Bellouin fullname: Bellouin, N. – sequence: 3 givenname: M. surname: Doutriaux-Boucher fullname: Doutriaux-Boucher, M. – sequence: 4 givenname: N. surname: Gedney fullname: Gedney, N. – sequence: 5 givenname: P. surname: Halloran fullname: Halloran, P. – sequence: 6 givenname: T. surname: Hinton fullname: Hinton, T. – sequence: 7 givenname: J. surname: Hughes fullname: Hughes, J. – sequence: 8 givenname: C. D. surname: Jones fullname: Jones, C. D. – sequence: 9 givenname: M. surname: Joshi fullname: Joshi, M. – sequence: 10 givenname: S. surname: Liddicoat fullname: Liddicoat, S. – sequence: 11 givenname: G. surname: Martin fullname: Martin, G. – sequence: 12 givenname: F. surname: O'Connor fullname: O'Connor, F. – sequence: 13 givenname: J. surname: Rae fullname: Rae, J. – sequence: 14 givenname: C. surname: Senior fullname: Senior, C. – sequence: 15 givenname: S. surname: Sitch fullname: Sitch, S. – sequence: 16 givenname: I. surname: Totterdell fullname: Totterdell, I. – sequence: 17 givenname: A. surname: Wiltshire fullname: Wiltshire, A. – sequence: 18 givenname: S. surname: Woodward fullname: Woodward, S.
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Snippet	We describe here the development and evaluation of an Earth system model suitable for centennial-scale climate prediction. The principal new components added...
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SubjectTerms	Balancing Climate Computer simulation Earth Feedback Mathematical models Oceans Offices
Title	Development and evaluation of an Earth-System model – HadGEM2
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