Randomised controlled trial of the effect of long-term selenium supplementation on plasma cholesterol in an elderly Danish population

• Published in: British journal of nutrition Vol. 114; no. 11; pp. 1807 - 1818
• Main Authors: Cold, Frederik, Winther, Kristian H., Pastor-Barriuso, Roberto, Rayman, Margaret P., Guallar, Eliseo, Nybo, Mads, Griffin, Bruce A., Stranges, Saverio, Cold, Søren
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 14-12-2015
• Subjects: Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents - administration & dosage; Anticholesteremic Agents - adverse effects; Anticholesteremic Agents - blood; Anticholesteremic Agents - therapeutic use; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology; Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control; Cholesterol; Cholesterol - blood; Cross-Sectional Studies; Deficiency Diseases - blood; Deficiency Diseases - diet therapy; Deficiency Diseases - physiopathology; Denmark - epidemiology; Dietary supplements; Dietary Supplements - adverse effects; Double-Blind Method; Elder Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Feasibility Studies; Female; Human and Clinical Nutrition; Humans; Intention to Treat Analysis; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition research; Older people; Patient Dropouts; Risk Factors; Selenium; Selenium - adverse effects; Selenium - blood; Selenium - deficiency; Selenium - therapeutic use; Time Factors; Yeast, Dried - adverse effects; Yeast, Dried - chemistry; Yeasts; Denmark; CVD; Lipids; Selenium supplementation; Selenium; Randomised controlled trials; Cholesterol; PRECISE PREvention of Cancer by Intervention with Selenium; TFA trans-fatty acids
• ISSN: 0007-1145; 1475-2662
• DOI: 10.1017/S0007114515003499

Although cross-sectional studies have shown a positive association between Se and cholesterol concentrations, a recent randomised controlled trial in 501 elderly UK individuals of relatively low-Se status found that Se supplementation for 6 months lowered total plasma cholesterol. The Danish PRECISE (PREvention of Cancer by Intervention with Selenium) pilot study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01819649) was a 5-year randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial with four groups (allocation ratio 1:1:1:1). Men and women aged 60–74 years (n 491) were randomised to 100 (n 124), 200 (n 122) or 300 (n 119) μg Se-enriched yeast or matching placebo-yeast tablets (n 126) daily for 5 years. A total of 468 participants continued the study for 6 months and 361 participants, equally distributed across treatment groups, continued for 5 years. Plasma samples were analysed for total and HDL-cholesterol and for total Se concentrations at baseline, 6 months and 5 years. The effect of different doses of Se supplementation on plasma lipid and Se concentrations was estimated by using linear mixed models. Plasma Se concentration increased significantly and dose-dependently in the intervention groups after 6 months and 5 years. Total cholesterol decreased significantly both in the intervention groups and in the placebo group after 6 months and 5 years, with small and nonsignificant differences in changes in plasma concentration of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and total:HDL-cholesterol ratio between intervention and placebo groups. The effect of long-term supplementation with Se on plasma cholesterol concentrations or its sub-fractions did not differ significantly from placebo in this elderly population.