Developmental Toxicity Studies with Atrazine and its Major Metabolites in Rats and Rabbits

• Published in: Birth defects research. Part B. Developmental and reproductive toxicology Vol. 101; no. 3; pp. 199 - 214
• Main Authors: Scialli, Anthony R., DeSesso, John M., Breckenridge, Charles B.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-06-2014; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc; BlackWell Publishing Ltd
• Subjects: Animals; atrazine; Atrazine - administration & dosage; Atrazine - analogs & derivatives; Atrazine - toxicity; deethylatrazine; deisopropylatrazine; developmental toxicity; diaminochlorotriazine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fetal Weight - drug effects; Fetus - drug effects; Herbicides - administration & dosage; Herbicides - toxicity; hydroxyatrazine; Maternal Exposure - adverse effects; Metabolites; Original; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Rats; Rodents; Studies; teratology; Toxicity; Toxicity Tests; deethylatrazine; hydroxyatrazine; atrazine; deisopropylatrazine; diaminochlorotriazine; teratology; developmental toxicity
• ISSN: 1542-9733; 1542-9741
• DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21099

Atrazine (ATR), hydroxyatrazine (OH‐ATR), and the three chloro metabolites of ATR (deethylatrazine [DEA], deisopropylatrazine [DIA], diaminochlorotriazine [DACT]) were evaluated for developmental effects in rats and rabbits. Three developmental toxicity studies were conducted on ATR in rats (two studies) and rabbits and a developmental toxicity study was conducted in rats for each of the four ATR metabolites DEA, DIA, DACT, and OH‐ATZ. ATR administration by gavage to pregnant rats and rabbits from implantation (gestation day [GD] 6 in rat, GD 7 in rabbit) through closure of the palate (GD 15 in rat and GD 19 in rabbit) did not statistically significantly alter the incidence of developmental abnormalities or malformations at dose levels up to 100 (rat) or 75 (rabbit) mg/kg bw/day. There were no effects on developmental toxicity parameters for DEA, DIA, DACT, or OH‐ATR at oral dose levels up to 100, 100, 150, or 125 mg/kg bw/day, respectively, with the exception of reductions in fetal body weight by DACT and OH‐ATR in the presence of decreased maternal body weight gain. ATR did not adversely affect developmental end points in a two‐generation study conducted in rats exposed to dose levels up to 500 ppm (38.7 mg/kg/day) in the diet. The 500‐ppm dose level resulted in significantly reduced maternal body weight gain. Overall, data show that neither ATR nor its metabolites statistically significantly affected rat or rabbit embryo‐fetal development even at dose levels producing maternal toxicity.