Reviving product states in the disordered Heisenberg chain

• Published in: Nature communications Vol. 14; no. 1; p. 5847
• Main Authors: Wilming, Henrik, Osborne, Tobias J., Decker, Kevin S. C., Karrasch, Christoph
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 20-09-2023; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 639/766/119/2795; 639/766/530/2804; Energy; Entropy; Ergodic processes; Humanities and Social Sciences; Localization; Many body problem; multidisciplinary; Phenomenology; Quantum entanglement; Quantum theory; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Tensors; Wave functions
• ISSN: 2041-1723; 2041-1723
• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41464-7

When a generic quantum system is prepared in a simple initial condition, it typically equilibrates toward a state that can be described by a thermal ensemble. A known exception is localized systems that are non-ergodic and do not thermalize; however, local observables are still believed to become stationary. Here we demonstrate that this general picture is incomplete by constructing product states that feature periodic high-fidelity revivals of the full wavefunction and local observables that oscillate indefinitely. The system neither equilibrates nor thermalizes. This is analogous to the phenomenon of weak ergodicity breaking due to many-body scars and challenges aspects of the current phenomenology of many-body localization, such as the logarithmic growth of the entanglement entropy. To support our claim, we combine analytic arguments with large-scale tensor network numerics for the disordered Heisenberg chain. Our results hold for arbitrarily long times in chains of 160 sites up to machine precision.
Many-body localized systems are believed to reach a stationary state without thermalizing. By using analytical and numerical calculations, the authors construct simple initial states for a typical MBL model, which neither equilibrate nor thermalize, similar to non-ergodic behavior in many-body scarred systems.