Modelling optically pumped magnetometer interference in MEG as a spatially homogeneous magnetic field

• Published in: NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.) Vol. 244; p. 118484
• Main Authors: Tierney, Tim M., Alexander, Nicholas, Mellor, Stephanie, Holmes, Niall, Seymour, Robert, O'Neill, George C., Maguire, Eleanor A., Barnes, Gareth R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-12-2021; Elsevier Limited; Elsevier
• Subjects: Adult; Anatomy; Cognition; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Eye; Humans; Knowledge; Magnetic Fields; Magnetometry - methods; Male; Mathematical models; Neuroanatomy; Noise; Orientation behavior; Proprioception; Research Design; Sensors
• ISSN: 1053-8119; 1095-9572
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118484

Here we propose that much of the magnetic interference observed when using optically pumped magnetometers for MEG experiments can be modeled as a spatially homogeneous magnetic field. We show that this approximation reduces sensor level variance and substantially improves statistical power. This model does not require knowledge of the underlying neuroanatomy nor the sensor positions. It only needs information about the sensor orientation. Due to the model's low rank there is little risk of removing substantial neural signal. However, we provide a framework to assess this risk for any sensor number, design or subject neuroanatomy. We find that the risk of unintentionally removing neural signal is reduced when multi-axis recordings are performed. We validated the method using a binaural auditory evoked response paradigm and demonstrated that removing the homogeneous magnetic field increases sensor level SNR by a factor of 3. Considering the model's simplicity and efficacy, we suggest that this homogeneous field correction can be a powerful preprocessing step for arrays of optically pumped magnetometers.