Occurrence and removal of estrogens in Brazilian wastewater treatment plants
This paper evaluated the occurrence and removal efficiency of four estrogenic hormones in five biological wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), located in the State of Ceará, Brazil. The five WWTPs comprised: two systems consisted of one facultative pond followed by two maturation ponds, one facultat...
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| Published in: | The Science of the total environment Vol. 490; pp. 288 - 295 |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier B.V
15-08-2014
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| Abstract | This paper evaluated the occurrence and removal efficiency of four estrogenic hormones in five biological wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), located in the State of Ceará, Brazil. The five WWTPs comprised: two systems consisted of one facultative pond followed by two maturation ponds, one facultative pond, one activated sludge (AS) system followed by a chlorination step, and one upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by a chlorination step. Estrogen occurrence showed a wide variation among the analyzed influent and effluent samples. Estrone (E1) showed the highest occurrence in the influent (76%), whereas both 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) presented a 52% occurrence, and the compound 17β-estradiol 17-acetate (E2-17A), a 32% one. The occurrence in the effluent samples was 48% for E1, 28% for E2, 12% for E2-17A, and 40% for EE2. The highest concentrations of E1 and EE2 hormones in the influent were 3050 and 3180ngL−1, respectively, whereas E2 and E2-17A had maximum concentrations of 776 and 2300ngL−1, respectively. The lowest efficiencies for the removal of estrogenic hormones were found in WWTP consisted of waste stabilization ponds, ranging from 54 to 79.9%. The high-rate systems (AS and UASB), which have chlorination as post-treatment, presented removal efficiencies of approximately 95%.
•The occurrence of four endocrine disrupting chemicals was evaluated.•The removal efficiency of four hormones in low-cost plants was examined.•Estrogen occurrence showed a wide variation in influent and effluent samples.•Estrone showed the highest occurrence in the influent and the effluent samples.•WSP treatment was observed to be less effective for removing estrogens. |
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| AbstractList | This paper evaluated the occurrence and removal efficiency of four estrogenic hormones in five biological wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), located in the State of Ceara, Brazil. The five WWTPs comprised: two systems consisted of one facultative pond followed by two maturation ponds, one facultative pond, one activated sludge (AS) system followed by a chlorination step, and one upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by a chlorination step. Estrogen occurrence showed a wide variation among the analyzed influent and effluent samples. Estrone (E1) showed the highest occurrence in the influent (76%), whereas both 17 beta -estradiol (E2) and 17 alpha -ethynylestradiol (EE2) presented a 52% occurrence, and the compound 17 beta -estradiol 17-acetate (E2-17A), a 32% one. The occurrence in the effluent samples was 48% for E1, 28% for E2, 12% for E2-17A, and 40% for EE2. The highest concentrations of E1 and EE2 hormones in the influent were 3050 and 3180ngL-1, respectively, whereas E2 and E2-17A had maximum concentrations of 776 and 2300ngL-1, respectively. The lowest efficiencies for the removal of estrogenic hormones were found in WWTP consisted of waste stabilization ponds, ranging from 54 to 79.9%. The high-rate systems (AS and UASB), which have chlorination as post-treatment, presented removal efficiencies of approximately 95%. This paper evaluated the occurrence and removal efficiency of four estrogenic hormones in five biological wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), located in the State of Ceará, Brazil. The five WWTPs comprised: two systems consisted of one facultative pond followed by two maturation ponds, one facultative pond, one activated sludge (AS) system followed by a chlorination step, and one upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by a chlorination step. Estrogen occurrence showed a wide variation among the analyzed influent and effluent samples. Estrone (E1) showed the highest occurrence in the influent (76%), whereas both 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) presented a 52% occurrence, and the compound 17β-estradiol 17-acetate (E2-17A), a 32% one. The occurrence in the effluent samples was 48% for E1, 28% for E2, 12% for E2-17A, and 40% for EE2. The highest concentrations of E1 and EE2 hormones in the influent were 3050 and 3180 ng L(-1), respectively, whereas E2 and E2-17A had maximum concentrations of 776 and 2300 ng L(-1), respectively. The lowest efficiencies for the removal of estrogenic hormones were found in WWTP consisted of waste stabilization ponds, ranging from 54 to 79.9%. The high-rate systems (AS and UASB), which have chlorination as post-treatment, presented removal efficiencies of approximately 95%. This paper evaluated the occurrence and removal efficiency of four estrogenic hormones in five biological wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), located in the State of Ceará, Brazil. The five WWTPs comprised: two systems consisted of one facultative pond followed by two maturation ponds, one facultative pond, one activated sludge (AS) system followed by a chlorination step, and one upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by a chlorination step. Estrogen occurrence showed a wide variation among the analyzed influent and effluent samples. Estrone (E1) showed the highest occurrence in the influent (76%), whereas both 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) presented a 52% occurrence, and the compound 17β-estradiol 17-acetate (E2-17A), a 32% one. The occurrence in the effluent samples was 48% for E1, 28% for E2, 12% for E2-17A, and 40% for EE2. The highest concentrations of E1 and EE2 hormones in the influent were 3050 and 3180ngL−1, respectively, whereas E2 and E2-17A had maximum concentrations of 776 and 2300ngL−1, respectively. The lowest efficiencies for the removal of estrogenic hormones were found in WWTP consisted of waste stabilization ponds, ranging from 54 to 79.9%. The high-rate systems (AS and UASB), which have chlorination as post-treatment, presented removal efficiencies of approximately 95%. •The occurrence of four endocrine disrupting chemicals was evaluated.•The removal efficiency of four hormones in low-cost plants was examined.•Estrogen occurrence showed a wide variation in influent and effluent samples.•Estrone showed the highest occurrence in the influent and the effluent samples.•WSP treatment was observed to be less effective for removing estrogens. |
| Author | Alves, Joana A.C. Pessoa, Germana P. Vidal, Carla B. Nascimento, Ronaldo F. dos Santos, André B. de Souza, Neyliane C. Firmino, Paulo Igor M. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Germana P. surname: Pessoa fullname: Pessoa, Germana P. organization: Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Rua do Contorno, S/N Campus do Pici, Bl. 713, CEP: 60455-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil – sequence: 2 givenname: Neyliane C. surname: de Souza fullname: de Souza, Neyliane C. organization: Department Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, State University of Paraíba, Rua Juvêncio Arruda, S/N, Campus Universitário, Bodocongó, CEP: 58109-790, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil – sequence: 3 givenname: Carla B. surname: Vidal fullname: Vidal, Carla B. organization: Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Rua do Contorno, S/N Campus do Pici, Bl. 713, CEP: 60455-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil – sequence: 4 givenname: Joana A.C. surname: Alves fullname: Alves, Joana A.C. organization: Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Rua do Contorno, S/N Campus do Pici, Bl. 713, CEP: 60455-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil – sequence: 5 givenname: Paulo Igor M. surname: Firmino fullname: Firmino, Paulo Igor M. organization: Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Rua do Contorno, S/N Campus do Pici, Bl. 713, CEP: 60455-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil – sequence: 6 givenname: Ronaldo F. surname: Nascimento fullname: Nascimento, Ronaldo F. organization: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Rua do Contorno, S/N Campus do Pici, Bl. 940, CEP: 60451-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil – sequence: 7 givenname: André B. surname: dos Santos fullname: dos Santos, André B. email: andre23@ufc.br organization: Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Rua do Contorno, S/N Campus do Pici, Bl. 713, CEP: 60455-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil |
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| Keywords | Hormone Removal Wastewater treatment plant Endocrine disrupting chemical Occurrence Ethinylestradiol Activated sludge Mimetic hormone Water treatment Chlorination Stabilization pond Estrogen 17β-Estradiol Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor Endocrine disruptor Sewage treatment plant Biological purification Bioreactor Decontamination Estrone Waste water purification Sex steroid hormone |
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| SubjectTerms | Applied sciences Biological and medical sciences Biological treatment of waters Biotechnology Brazil Endocrine disrupting chemical Endocrine Disruptors - analysis Environment and pollution Estradiol - analogs & derivatives Estradiol - analysis Estrogens - analysis Estrone - analysis Ethinyl Estradiol - analysis Exact sciences and technology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General purification processes Hormone Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects Occurrence Pollution Removal Sewerage works: sewers, sewage treatment plants, outfalls Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods Waste Disposal, Fluid - statistics & numerical data Waste Water - chemistry Waste Water - statistics & numerical data Wastewater treatment plant Wastewaters Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water treatment and pollution |
| Title | Occurrence and removal of estrogens in Brazilian wastewater treatment plants |
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