Assessing multiple endpoints of atrazine ingestion on gravid northern watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon) and their offspring

Ecotoxicological studies that focus on a single endpoint might not accurately and completely represent the true ecological effects of a contaminant. Exposure to atrazine, a widely used herbicide, disrupts endocrine function and sexual development in amphibians, but studies involving live‐bearing rep...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Environmental toxicology Vol. 29; no. 9; pp. 1072 - 1082
Main Authors:	Neuman‐Lee, Lorin A, Gaines, Karen F, Baumgartner, Kyle A, Voorhees, Jaymie R, Novak, James M, Mullin, Stephen J
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States John Wiley & Sons 01-09-2014 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects:	amphibians Animals atrazine Atrazine - toxicity blood Colubridae Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Endocrine disruptors estradiol Female fetal death fish gestation period Herbicides - toxicity immune function ingestion Male morphometry mortality mothers Nerodia sipedon progeny reproduction reptiles sex ratio sexual development snakes Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity snakes immune function reptiles sex ratio reproduction
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Abstract	Ecotoxicological studies that focus on a single endpoint might not accurately and completely represent the true ecological effects of a contaminant. Exposure to atrazine, a widely used herbicide, disrupts endocrine function and sexual development in amphibians, but studies involving live‐bearing reptiles are lacking. This study tracks several effects of atrazine ingestion from female Northern Watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon) to their offspring exposed in utero. Twenty‐five gravid N. sipedon were fed fish dosed with one of the four levels of atrazine (0, 2, 20, or 200 ppb) twice weekly for the entirety of their gestation period. Endpoints for the mothers included blood estradiol levels measured weekly and survival more than 3 months. Endpoints for the offspring included morphometrics, clutch sex ratio, stillbirth, and asymmetry of dorsal scales and jaw length. Through these multiple endpoints, we show that atrazine ingestion can disrupt estradiol production in mothers, increase the likelihood of mortality from infection, alter clutch sex ratio, cause a higher proportion of stillborn offspring, and affect scale symmetry. We emphasize the need for additional research involving other reptile species using multiple endpoints to determine the full range of impacts of contaminant exposure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 1072–1082, 2014.
AbstractList	Ecotoxicological studies that focus on a single endpoint might not accurately and completely represent the true ecological effects of a contaminant. Exposure to atrazine, a widely used herbicide, disrupts endocrine function and sexual development in amphibians, but studies involving live‐bearing reptiles are lacking. This study tracks several effects of atrazine ingestion from female Northern Watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon) to their offspring exposed in utero. Twenty‐five gravid N. sipedon were fed fish dosed with one of the four levels of atrazine (0, 2, 20, or 200 ppb) twice weekly for the entirety of their gestation period. Endpoints for the mothers included blood estradiol levels measured weekly and survival more than 3 months. Endpoints for the offspring included morphometrics, clutch sex ratio, stillbirth, and asymmetry of dorsal scales and jaw length. Through these multiple endpoints, we show that atrazine ingestion can disrupt estradiol production in mothers, increase the likelihood of mortality from infection, alter clutch sex ratio, cause a higher proportion of stillborn offspring, and affect scale symmetry. We emphasize the need for additional research involving other reptile species using multiple endpoints to determine the full range of impacts of contaminant exposure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 1072–1082, 2014. Ecotoxicological studies that focus on a single endpoint might not accurately and completely represent the true ecological effects of a contaminant. Exposure to atrazine, a widely used herbicide, disrupts endocrine function and sexual development in amphibians, but studies involving live-bearing reptiles are lacking. This study tracks several effects of atrazine ingestion from female Northern Watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon) to their offspring exposed in utero. Twenty-five gravid N. sipedon were fed fish dosed with one of the four levels of atrazine (0, 2, 20, or 200 ppb) twice weekly for the entirety of their gestation period. Endpoints for the mothers included blood estradiol levels measured weekly and survival more than 3 months. Endpoints for the offspring included morphometrics, clutch sex ratio, stillbirth, and asymmetry of dorsal scales and jaw length. Through these multiple endpoints, we show that atrazine ingestion can disrupt estradiol production in mothers, increase the likelihood of mortality from infection, alter clutch sex ratio, cause a higher proportion of stillborn offspring, and affect scale symmetry. We emphasize the need for additional research involving other reptile species using multiple endpoints to determine the full range of impacts of contaminant exposure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 1072-1082, 2014. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Ecotoxicological studies that focus on a single endpoint might not accurately and completely represent the true ecological effects of a contaminant. Exposure to atrazine, a widely used herbicide, disrupts endocrine function and sexual development in amphibians, but studies involving live-bearing reptiles are lacking. This study tracks several effects of atrazine ingestion from female Northern Watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon) to their offspring exposed in utero. Twenty-five gravid N. sipedon were fed fish dosed with one of the four levels of atrazine (0, 2, 20, or 200 ppb) twice weekly for the entirety of their gestation period. Endpoints for the mothers included blood estradiol levels measured weekly and survival more than 3 months. Endpoints for the offspring included morphometrics, clutch sex ratio, stillbirth, and asymmetry of dorsal scales and jaw length. Through these multiple endpoints, we show that atrazine ingestion can disrupt estradiol production in mothers, increase the likelihood of mortality from infection, alter clutch sex ratio, cause a higher proportion of stillborn offspring, and affect scale symmetry. We emphasize the need for additional research involving other reptile species using multiple endpoints to determine the full range of impacts of contaminant exposure. copyright 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 1072-1082, 2014. Ecotoxicological studies that focus on a single endpoint might not accurately and completely represent the true ecological effects of a contaminant. Exposure to atrazine, a widely used herbicide, disrupts endocrine function and sexual development in amphibians, but studies involving live‐bearing reptiles are lacking. This study tracks several effects of atrazine ingestion from female Northern Watersnakes ( Nerodia sipedon ) to their offspring exposed in utero . Twenty‐five gravid N. sipedon were fed fish dosed with one of the four levels of atrazine (0, 2, 20, or 200 ppb) twice weekly for the entirety of their gestation period. Endpoints for the mothers included blood estradiol levels measured weekly and survival more than 3 months. Endpoints for the offspring included morphometrics, clutch sex ratio, stillbirth, and asymmetry of dorsal scales and jaw length. Through these multiple endpoints, we show that atrazine ingestion can disrupt estradiol production in mothers, increase the likelihood of mortality from infection, alter clutch sex ratio, cause a higher proportion of stillborn offspring, and affect scale symmetry. We emphasize the need for additional research involving other reptile species using multiple endpoints to determine the full range of impacts of contaminant exposure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 1072–1082, 2014. Ecotoxicological studies that focus on a single endpoint might not accurately and completely represent the true ecological effects of a contaminant. Exposure to atrazine, a widely used herbicide, disrupts endocrine function and sexual development in amphibians, but studies involving live-bearing reptiles are lacking. This study tracks several effects of atrazine ingestion from female Northern Watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon) to their offspring exposed in utero. Twenty-five gravid N. sipedon were fed fish dosed with one of the four levels of atrazine (0, 2, 20, or 200 ppb) twice weekly for the entirety of their gestation period. Endpoints for the mothers included blood estradiol levels measured weekly and survival more than 3 months. Endpoints for the offspring included morphometrics, clutch sex ratio, stillbirth, and asymmetry of dorsal scales and jaw length. Through these multiple endpoints, we show that atrazine ingestion can disrupt estradiol production in mothers, increase the likelihood of mortality from infection, alter clutch sex ratio, cause a higher proportion of stillborn offspring, and affect scale symmetry. We emphasize the need for additional research involving other reptile species using multiple endpoints to determine the full range of impacts of contaminant exposure.
Author	Baumgartner, Kyle A Neuman‐Lee, Lorin A Voorhees, Jaymie R Novak, James M Gaines, Karen F Mullin, Stephen J
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 fullname: Neuman‐Lee, Lorin A – sequence: 2 fullname: Gaines, Karen F – sequence: 3 fullname: Baumgartner, Kyle A – sequence: 4 fullname: Voorhees, Jaymie R – sequence: 5 fullname: Novak, James M – sequence: 6 fullname: Mullin, Stephen J
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23436772$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark	eNp1kU1PHSEUhkljUz_aRf9AS9KNLkYPMMC4NKbVtkYXvdbuCPdy5hadC1OY8Wp_famjLpo0QCDkOU94OdtkI8SAhLxlsM8A-MEQ7_Y5a4R-QbaY5LzSXDcbD2eoamjYJtnO-RoADpVUr8gmF7VQWvMtsj7KGXP2YUlXYzf4vkOKwfXRhyHT2FI7JPvbB6QFwTz4GGiZy2RvvaMhpuEnpkDXdsCUg73BTHfPMUXnLc2-RxfDHrXB0cL5VIRt7lNRvSYvW9tlfPO475DLTx9nx6fV2cXJ5-Ojs2ohmdIVmzeHTCygDN1yrZrGapTKiYWoOedWukbVWtvW1U7jnAnQQkNbrmt00nKxQ3Ynb5_ir7EEMCufF9h1NmAcs2FSAWOyAVXQD_-g13FMobyuUFIwDiB0ofYmapFizglbU_KsbLo3DMzfbpjSDfPQjcK-ezSO8xW6Z_Lp-wtwMAFr3-H9_01mdvHjSVlNFT4PePdcYdONUSW6NFfnJ6ZW379-ETMwV4V_P_GtjcYuk8_m8hsHVkNZGiQTfwDsVq7I
CODEN	ETOXFH
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_2903_sp_efsa_2015_EN_756 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00128_013_1147_8 crossref_primary_10_1111_jbi_14688 crossref_primary_10_1080_03601234_2020_1832409 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ygcen_2023_114350 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_024_33026_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envres_2021_112584 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_07042_5 crossref_primary_10_1002_jmor_20663 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ygcen_2015_03_011 crossref_primary_10_2903_j_efsa_2018_5125
Cites_doi	10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.08.005 10.1016/0045-6535(90)90133-E 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03738.x 10.1002/etc.5620210506 10.1073/pnas.0909519107 10.1289/ehp.99107179 10.1016/S0300-483X(00)00259-6 10.1093/ps/85.9.1641 10.1080/10807031003670337 10.1002/etc.5620180627 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90384-O 10.2307/1445391 10.1289/ehp.98106s111 10.1093/toxsci/kfg250 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.080 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.03.015 10.1038/hdy.1992.51 10.1109/TAC.1974.1100705 10.1007/BF00116422 10.3109/10408447709101342 10.1021/es050295m 10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-09-0003.1 10.1146/annurev.es.17.110186.002135 10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.11.004 10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0309:TEOAAT]2.0.CO;2 10.1093/beheco/11.4.411 10.1016/j.envres.2009.01.006 10.1016/S0890-6238(02)00019-9 10.1073/pnas.131091498 10.1086/393498 10.1016/j.applanim.2006.05.032 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb00195.x 10.1006/gcen.1995.1129 10.1002/etc.5620191001 10.1002/etc.5620150105 10.1016/0169-5347(89)90077-3 10.2307/1565610 10.2307/1564912 10.1086/659373 10.1289/ehp.6821 10.1002/tox.20293 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.08.011 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2325:AIRSIT]2.0.CO;2 10.1159/000216188 10.1021/es0710205 10.2307/1467001 10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.08.007 10.1038/490462a 10.1016/0016-6480(87)90202-4 10.1530/rep.0.1220857 10.1016/0300-483X(96)03396-3 10.1086/518569 10.1002/etc.5620210503 10.1897/07-312.1 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.05.017 10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0949:AEHOED]2.0.CO;2 10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[1138:TINDTD]2.0.CO;2 10.1016/S1532-0456(03)00138-8 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1999.tb01939.x 10.1897/05-469.1 10.1073/pnas.082121499 10.1289/ehp.0901418 10.1093/toxsci/53.2.297 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.07.008 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.01.008 10.2307/1562573 10.1093/toxsci/kfg105 10.1093/toxsci/kfg200 10.1080/10408440802116496 10.1006/gcen.1997.6969 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90230-5 10.1897/05-165R.1 10.1289/ehp.0901164 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.011
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., a Wiley company Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., a Wiley company.
Copyright_xml	– notice: Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., a Wiley company – notice: Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., a Wiley company.
DBID	FBQ BSCLL CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM AAYXX CITATION 7QH 7ST 7TN 7U7 7UA C1K F1W H97 K9. L.G M7N SOI 7TV H95
DOI	10.1002/tox.21837
DatabaseName	AGRIS Istex Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed CrossRef Aqualine Environment Abstracts Oceanic Abstracts Toxicology Abstracts Water Resources Abstracts Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Environment Abstracts Pollution Abstracts Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources
DatabaseTitle	MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) CrossRef Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional Oceanic Abstracts Toxicology Abstracts Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Aqualine Environment Abstracts Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality Water Resources Abstracts Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources Pollution Abstracts
DatabaseTitleList	Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional CrossRef MEDLINE
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: ECM name: MEDLINE url: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&site=ehost-live sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Ecology Oceanography
EISSN	1522-7278
EndPage	1082
ExternalDocumentID	3402204061 10_1002_tox_21837 23436772 TOX21837 ark_67375_WNG_46VKJ3T0_W US201400147051
Genre	article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article
GrantInformation_xml	– fundername: The Eastern Illinois University Biological Sciences Department, The Savannah River Ecology Lab, The Wildlife Society
GroupedDBID	--- .3N .GA .Y3 05W 0R~ 10A 1L6 1OC 31~ 33P 3SF 3WU 4.4 50Y 50Z 51W 51X 52M 52N 52O 52P 52S 52T 52U 52W 52X 53G 5GY 5VS 66C 702 7PT 8-0 8-1 8-3 8-4 8-5 8UM 930 A03 AAESR AAEVG AAHHS AANLZ AAONW AASGY AAXRX AAZKR ABCQN ABCUV ABEML ABHUG ABIJN ABJNI ABPVW ACAHQ ACBWZ ACCFJ ACCZN ACGFS ACPOU ACPRK ACSCC ACXBN ACXME ACXQS ADAWD ADBBV ADDAD ADEOM ADIZJ ADKYN ADMGS ADOZA ADXAS ADZMN ADZOD AEEZP AEIGN AEIMD AENEX AEQDE AEUQT AEUYR AFBPY AFFPM AFGKR AFPWT AFRAH AFVGU AFZJQ AGJLS AHMBA AI. AIURR AIWBW AJBDE AJXKR ALAGY ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQN AMBMR AMYDB ASPBG ATUGU AUFTA AVWKF AZBYB AZFZN AZVAB BAFTC BDRZF BFHJK BHBCM BMNLL BMXJE BNHUX BROTX BRXPI BY8 CS3 D-E D-F DCZOG DPXWK DR2 DRFUL DRSTM DU5 EBD EBS EJD EMOBN F00 F01 F04 F5P FBQ FEDTE G-S G.N GNP GODZA H.T H.X HF~ HVGLF HZ~ IX1 J0M JPC KQQ LATKE LAW LC2 LC3 LEEKS LH4 LITHE LOXES LP6 LP7 LUTES LW6 LYRES MEWTI MK4 MRFUL MRSTM MSFUL MSSTM MXFUL MXSTM N04 N05 N9A NF~ NNB O66 O9- P2P P2W P2X P4D PQQKQ Q.N Q11 QB0 QRW R.K ROL RWI RX1 RYL SUPJJ SV3 UB1 V2E VH1 W8V W99 WBKPD WIH WIK WOHZO WQJ WRC WUPDE WXSBR WYISQ XG1 XPP XV2 ~IA ~KM ~WT AAHBH AHBTC AITYG BSCLL HGLYW OIG CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM AAMNL AAYXX CITATION 7QH 7ST 7TN 7U7 7UA C1K F1W H97 K9. L.G M7N SOI 7TV H95
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c5167-1b8913c0c0c7f27688a7e56d3c34222a5d86477afd4d7eb1307370f5d84ed5a23
IEDL.DBID	33P
ISSN	1520-4081
IngestDate	Fri Aug 16 07:33:01 EDT 2024 Tue Nov 19 05:59:49 EST 2024 Thu Nov 21 21:28:47 EST 2024 Sat Sep 28 07:50:51 EDT 2024 Sat Aug 24 00:50:59 EDT 2024 Wed Oct 30 09:53:27 EDT 2024 Wed Dec 27 19:12:36 EST 2023
IsDoiOpenAccess	false
IsOpenAccess	true
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	9
Keywords	snakes immune function reptiles sex ratio reproduction
Language	English
License	Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., a Wiley company.
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c5167-1b8913c0c0c7f27688a7e56d3c34222a5d86477afd4d7eb1307370f5d84ed5a23
Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tox.21837 The Eastern Illinois University Biological Sciences Department, The Savannah River Ecology Lab, The Wildlife Society ArticleID:TOX21837 istex:03947682A64FC81C93AB767EFBF5761F1D536996 ark:/67375/WNG-46VKJ3T0-W ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
OpenAccessLink	https://thekeep.eiu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1255&context=bio_fac
PMID	23436772
PQID	1553120037
PQPubID	866374
PageCount	11
ParticipantIDs	proquest_miscellaneous_1560115806 proquest_journals_1553120037 crossref_primary_10_1002_tox_21837 pubmed_primary_23436772 wiley_primary_10_1002_tox_21837_TOX21837 istex_primary_ark_67375_WNG_46VKJ3T0_W fao_agris_US201400147051
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	September 2014
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2014-09-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 09 year: 2014 text: September 2014
PublicationDecade	2010
PublicationPlace	United States
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: United States – name: Hoboken
PublicationTitle	Environmental toxicology
PublicationTitleAlternate	Environ. Toxicol
PublicationYear	2014
Publisher	John Wiley & Sons Blackwell Publishing Ltd Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Publisher_xml	– name: John Wiley & Sons – name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd – name: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
References	Ford N.1995.Experimental design in studies of snake behavior.Herpetol Monogr9:130-139. Hayes TB, Khoury V, Narayan A, Nazir M, Park A, Brown T, Adame L, Chan E, Buchholz D, Stueve T, Gallipeau S.2010.Atrazine induces complete feminization and chemical castration in male African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis).Proc Natl Acad Sci USA107:4612-4617. Robert KA, Vleck C, Bronikowski AM.2009.The effects of maternal corticosterone levels on offspring behavior in fast- and slow-growth garter snakes (Thamnophis elegans).Horm Behav55:24-32. Ross P, De Swart R, Addison R, Van Loveren H, Vos J, Osterhaus A.1996.Contaminant-induced immunotoxicity in harbour seals: Wildlife at risk?Toxicology112:157-169. Guillette L, Gunderson M.2001.Alteration in development of reproductive and endocrine systems of wildlife populations exposed to endocrine-disrupting contaminants.Reproduction122:857-864. Daston GP, Cook JC, Kavlock RJ.2003.Uncertainties for endocrine disrupters: Our view on progress.Toxicol Sci74:245-252. Ahmed SA.2000.The immune system as a potential target for environmental estrogens (endocrine disrupters): A new emerging field.Toxicology150:191-206. Görge G, Nagel R.1990.Kinetics and metabolism of 14C-lindane and 14C-atrazine in early life stages of zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio).Chemosphere21:1125-1137. McFarland CA, Quinn MJJr, Bazar MA, Remick AK, Talent LG, Johnson MS.2008.Toxicity of oral exposure to 2, 4, 6 trinitrotoluene in the Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis).Environ Toxicol Chem27:1102-1111. Solomon KR, Carr JA, Du Preez LH, Giesy JP, Kendall RJ, Smith EE, Van Der Kraak GJ.2008.Effects of atrazine on fish, amphibians, and aquatic reptiles: A critical review.Crit Rev Toxicol38:721-772. Langlois VS, Carew AC, Pauli BD, Wade MG, Cooke GM, Trudeau VL.2009.Low levels of the herbicide atrazine alter sex ratios and reduce metamorphic success in Rana pipiens tadpoles raised in outdoor mesocosms.Environ Health Perspect118:552-557. Newman AEM, Chin EH, Schmidt KL, Bond L, Wynne-Edwards KE, Soma KK.2008.Analysis of steroids in songbird plasma and brain by coupling solid phase extraction to radioimmunoassay.Gen Comp Endocrinol155:503-510. Crisp TM, Clegg ED, Cooper RL, Wood WP, Anderson DG, Baetcke KP, Hoffmann JL, Morrow MS, Rodier DJ, Schaeffer JE.1998.Environmental endocrine disruption: An effects assessment and analysis.Environ Health Perspect106:11. Leary RF, Allendorf FW.1989.Fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of stress: Implications for conservation biology.Trends Ecol Evol4:214-217. Forson D, Storfer A.2006.Atrazine increases Ranavirus susceptibility in the Tiger Salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum.Ecol Appl16:2325-2332. Palmer AR, Strobeck C.1992.Fluctuating asymmetry as a measure of developmental stability: Implications of non-normal distributions and power of statistical tests.Acta Zool Fennica191:57-72. de Solla SR, Bishop C, Brooks R.2002.Sexually dimorphic morphology of hatching Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina) from contaminated and reference sites in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River Basic, North America.Environ Toxicol Chem21:7. Campbell PM, Pottinger TG, Sumpter JP.1994.Preliminary evidence that chronic confinement stress reduces the quality of gametes produced by brown and rainbow trout.Aquaculture120:151-169. Willingham E.2005.The effects of atrazine and temperature on turtle hatchling size and sex ratios.Front Ecol Environ3:309-313. Hayes TB.2004.There is no denying this: Defusing the confusion about atrazine.BioScience54:1138-1149. Morgan KN, Tromborg CT.2007.Sources of stress in captivity.Appl Anim Behav Sci102:262-302. Romero LM, Wikelski M.2001.Corticosterone levels predict survival probabilities of Galapagos marine iguanas during El Nino events.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA98:7366-7370. Whittier J, Mason R, Crews D.1987.Plasma steroid hormone levels of female red-sided garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis: Relationship to mating and gestation.Gen Comp Endocrinol67:33-43. Fagin D.2012.Toxicology: The learning curve.Nature490:462-465. Akaike H.1974.A new look at the statistical model identification.IEEE Trans Autom Control19:716-723. Pruett SB, Fan R, Zheng Q, Myers LP, Hebert P.2003.Modeling and predicting immunological effects of chemical stressors: Characterization of a quantitative biomarker for immunological changes caused by atrazine and ethanol.Toxicol Sci75:343-354. Weir SM, Suski JG, Salice CJ.2010.Ecological risk of anthropogenic pollutants to reptiles: Evaluating assumptions of sensitivity and exposure.Environ Pollut158:3596-3606. French SS, Matt KS, Moore MC.2006.The effects of stress on wound healing in male tree lizards (Urosaurus ornatus).Gen Comp Endocrinol145:128-132. de Solla SR, Fernie KJ, Letcher RJ, Chu SG, Drouillard KG, Shahmiri S.2007.Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina) as bioindicators in Canadian areas of concern in the Great Lakes Basin. 1. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides in eggs.Environ Sci Technol41:7252-7259. King RB.1993.Microgeographic, historical, and size-correlated variation in Water Snake diet composition.J Herpetol27:90-94. Matsushita S, Yamashita J, Iwasawa T, Tomita T, Ikeda M.2006.Effects of in ovo exposure to imazalil and atrazine on sexual differentiation in chick gonads.Poult Sci85:1641-1647. Riches R.1976.Breeding snakes in captivity.St. Petersburg:Palmetto Publishing Company.90 p. Neuman-Lee L, Janzen FJ.2011.Environmentally relevant levels of atrazine exposure at the onset of embryonic development impacts post-hatching behavior and survivorship of neonatal turtles.Herpetologica67:23-31. Rohr JR, McCoy KA.2010.A qualitative meta-analysis reveals consistent effects of atrazine on freshwater fish and amphibians.Environ Health Perspect118:20-32. Winne CT, Willson JD, Andrews KM, Reed RN.2006.Efficacy of marking snakes with disposable medical cautery units.Herpetol Rev37:52-54. Gross LM.2009.Long-Term Assessment of Predatory Fish Removal on a Pond-Breeding Amphibian Community in Central Illinois.Charleston:Eastern Illinois University. Brodkin MA, Madhoun H, Rameswaran M, Vatnick I.2007.Atrazine is an immune disruptor in adult Northern Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens).Environ Toxicol Chem26:80-84. Edginton A, Rouleau C.2005.Toxicokinetics of 14C-atrazine and its metabolites in stage-66 Xenopus laevis.Environ Sci Technol39:8083-8089. Friedmann AS.2002.Atrazine inhibition of testosterone production in rat males following peripubertal exposure.Reprod Toxicol16:275-279. Elsey RM, Lance VA, Joanen T, McNease L.1991.Acute stress suppresses plasma estradiol levels in female alligators (Alligator mississippiensis).Comp Biochem Physiol Part A: Physiol100:649-651. Crews D, Willingham E, Skipper J.2000.Endocrine disruptors: Present issues, future directions.Q Rev Biol75:243-260. Parsons PA.1992.Fluctuating asymmetry: A biological monitor of environmental and genomic stress.Heredity68:361-364. Langerveld AJ, Celestine R, Zaya R, Mihalko D, Ide CF.2009.Chronic exposure to high levels of atrazine alters expression of genes that regulate immune and growth-related functions in developing Xenopus laevis tadpoles.Environ Res109:379-389. Bergman R.1963.The anatomy of Ablabes baliodeira, a colubrid snake from Java.J Ohio Herpetol Soc4:1-14. Holem RR, Hopkins WA, Talent LG.2008.Effects of repeated exposure to malathion on growth, food consumption, and locomotor performance of the Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis).Environ Pollut152:92-98. Rooney AA, Matulka RA, Luebke RW.2003.Developmental atrazine exposure suppresses immune function in male, but not female Sprague-Dawley Rats.Toxicol Sci76:366-375. Gunderson MP, Kools SAE, Milnes MR, Guillette LJ.2003.Effect of acute stress on plasma β-corticosterone, estradiol-17β and testosterone concentrations in juvenile American Alligators collected from three sites within the Kissimmee-Everglades drainage basin in Florida (USA).Comp Biochem Physiol Part C: Toxicol Pharmacol135:365-374. Gibbons JW, Dorcas ME.2004.North American Watersnakes: A Natural History.Norman:University of Oklahoma Press.496 p. Hopkins W, Mendonça M, Congdon J.1997.Increased circulating levels of testosterone and corticosterone in Southern Toads, Bufo terrestris, exposed to coal combustion waste.Gen Comp Endocrinol108:237-246. Ottinger MA, Lavoie E, Thompson N, Barton A, Whitehouse K, Barton M, Abdelnabi M, Quinn MJr, Panzica G, Viglietti-Panzica C.2008.Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of embryonic exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in birds.Brain Res Rev57:376-385. French SS, DeNardo DF, Moore MC.2007.Trade-offs between the reproductive and immune systems: Facultative responses to resources or obligate responses to reproduction?Am Nat170:79-89. de Solla SR, Martin P, Fernie K, Park B, Mayne G.2006.Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine on gonadal development of Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina).Environ Toxicol Chem25:520-526. Hayes TB, Collins A, Lee M, Mendoza M, Noriega N, Stuart AA, Vonk A.2002.Hermaphroditic, demasculinized frogs after exposure to the herbicide atrazine at low ecologically relevant doses.Proc Natl Acad Sci99:5476-5480. Solomon KR, Baker DB, Richards RP, Dixon KR, Klaine SJ, La Point TW, Kendall RJ, Weisskopf CP, Giddings JM, Giesy JP, Hall LWJr, Williams WM.1996.Ecological risk assessment of atrazine in North American surface waters.Environ Toxicol Chem15:31-76. Bigsby R, Chapin RE, Daston GP, Davis BJ, Gorski J, Gray LE, Howdeshell KL, Zoeller RT, vom Saal FS.1999.Evaluating the effects of endocrine disruptors on endocrine function during development.Environ Health Perspect107:613-618. Mullin SJ, Mushinsky HR.1997.Use of experimental enclosures to examine foraging success in water snakes: A case study.J Herpetol31:565-569. Palmer AR, Strobeck C.1986.Fluctuating asymmetry: Measurement, analysis, patterns.Annu Rev Ecol Syst17:391-421. Romero LM, Reed JM.2005.Collecting baseline corticosterone samples in the field: Is under 3 min good enough?Comp Biochem Physiol Part A: Mol I 2002; 16 2007; 102 2010; 16 1993; 27 2010; 107 2008b 2008a 2008; 38 2002; 99 2006; 37 1976 2009; 118 1999; 247 1993; 2 1974; 19 2011; 127 2009; 55 1992; 191 2000; 19 2005; 140 1997; 108 2004; 136 1991; 100 2010; 118 2007; 170 1999; 18 2000; 10 2010; 158 2000; 11 2006; 25 2008; 27 2000; 53 2012; 490 1987 2011; 67 2008; 155 2007; 22 2005; 39 2009; 16 2008; 152 2007; 26 2001; 98 2001; 122 1995; 9 1989; 4 2006; 16 2011; 84 2009 2000; 150 2005; 41 1986; 17 1999; 67 2008; 57 2004 1999; 107 2003; 135 2003; 74 1996; 15 2003; 75 2003; 76 2004; 54 2004; 112 1990; 21 1987; 67 2006; 85 1988; 1988 1997; 31 1963; 4 1994; 120 2002; 21 2000; 75 2011; 85 1992; 68 1995; 100 1998; 106 2005; 3 2007; 41 2009; 109 1998; 76 1996; 112 2006; 145 1977; 5 e_1_2_6_51_1 e_1_2_6_74_1 e_1_2_6_53_1 e_1_2_6_76_1 e_1_2_6_70_1 e_1_2_6_30_1 e_1_2_6_72_1 Gibbons JW (e_1_2_6_32_1) 2004 e_1_2_6_13_1 e_1_2_6_36_1 e_1_2_6_59_1 e_1_2_6_11_1 e_1_2_6_34_1 e_1_2_6_17_1 e_1_2_6_55_1 e_1_2_6_78_1 e_1_2_6_15_1 Gross LM (e_1_2_6_35_1) 2009 e_1_2_6_38_1 e_1_2_6_57_1 Solla SR (e_1_2_6_19_1) 2002; 21 e_1_2_6_64_1 e_1_2_6_43_1 Palmer AR (e_1_2_6_62_1) 1992; 191 e_1_2_6_20_1 e_1_2_6_41_1 e_1_2_6_60_1 e_1_2_6_83_1 e_1_2_6_9_1 Weatherhead PJ (e_1_2_6_81_1) 1998; 76 e_1_2_6_5_1 e_1_2_6_7_1 e_1_2_6_24_1 e_1_2_6_49_1 e_1_2_6_22_1 e_1_2_6_66_1 e_1_2_6_28_1 e_1_2_6_45_1 Abraxis L (e_1_2_6_3_1) 2008 e_1_2_6_47_1 e_1_2_6_68_1 Abraxis L (e_1_2_6_2_1) 2008 e_1_2_6_52_1 e_1_2_6_73_1 e_1_2_6_54_1 e_1_2_6_75_1 e_1_2_6_10_1 e_1_2_6_31_1 e_1_2_6_50_1 e_1_2_6_71_1 e_1_2_6_14_1 e_1_2_6_12_1 e_1_2_6_33_1 e_1_2_6_18_1 e_1_2_6_39_1 e_1_2_6_56_1 Riches R (e_1_2_6_67_1) 1976 e_1_2_6_77_1 Winne CT (e_1_2_6_85_1) 2006; 37 e_1_2_6_16_1 e_1_2_6_37_1 e_1_2_6_58_1 e_1_2_6_79_1 e_1_2_6_63_1 e_1_2_6_84_1 e_1_2_6_42_1 e_1_2_6_65_1 e_1_2_6_21_1 e_1_2_6_80_1 Bigsby R (e_1_2_6_8_1) 1999; 107 e_1_2_6_40_1 e_1_2_6_61_1 e_1_2_6_82_1 Fitch HS (e_1_2_6_26_1) 1987 e_1_2_6_4_1 e_1_2_6_6_1 e_1_2_6_25_1 e_1_2_6_48_1 e_1_2_6_23_1 e_1_2_6_29_1 e_1_2_6_44_1 e_1_2_6_27_1 e_1_2_6_46_1 e_1_2_6_69_1
References_xml	– volume: 106 start-page: 11 year: 1998 article-title: Environmental endocrine disruption: An effects assessment and analysis publication-title: Environ Health Perspect – year: 2009 – volume: 37 start-page: 52 year: 2006 end-page: 54 article-title: Efficacy of marking snakes with disposable medical cautery units publication-title: Herpetol Rev – volume: 191 start-page: 57 year: 1992 end-page: 72 article-title: Fluctuating asymmetry as a measure of developmental stability: Implications of non‐normal distributions and power of statistical tests publication-title: Acta Zool Fennica – year: 2008b – volume: 18 start-page: 1258 year: 1999 end-page: 1263 article-title: Elevated trace element concentrations and standard metabolic rate in Banded Watersnakes ( ) exposed to coal combustion wastes publication-title: Environ Toxicol Chem – volume: 150 start-page: 191 year: 2000 end-page: 206 article-title: The immune system as a potential target for environmental estrogens (endocrine disrupters): A new emerging field publication-title: Toxicology – volume: 247 start-page: 81 year: 1999 end-page: 90 article-title: Study of the spatial organization of the gas exchange components of a snake lung—The sandboa (Reptilia: Ophidia: Colubridae)—by latex casting publication-title: J Zool – volume: 98 start-page: 7366 year: 2001 end-page: 7370 article-title: Corticosterone levels predict survival probabilities of Galapagos marine iguanas during El Nino events publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA – volume: 99 start-page: 5476 year: 2002 end-page: 5480 article-title: Hermaphroditic, demasculinized frogs after exposure to the herbicide atrazine at low ecologically relevant doses publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci – volume: 152 start-page: 92 year: 2008 end-page: 98 article-title: Effects of repeated exposure to malathion on growth, food consumption, and locomotor performance of the Western Fence Lizard ( ) publication-title: Environ Pollut – volume: 67 start-page: 353 year: 1999 end-page: 376 article-title: Cold climates and the evolution of viviparity in reptiles: Cold incubation temperatures produce poor‐quality offspring in the lizard, publication-title: Biol J Linn Soc – volume: 53 start-page: 297 year: 2000 end-page: 307 article-title: Atrazine disrupts the hypothalamic control of pituitary‐ovarian function publication-title: Toxicol Sci – volume: 170 start-page: 79 year: 2007 end-page: 89 article-title: Trade‐offs between the reproductive and immune systems: Facultative responses to resources or obligate responses to reproduction? publication-title: Am Nat – volume: 75 start-page: 243 year: 2000 end-page: 260 article-title: Endocrine disruptors: Present issues, future directions publication-title: Q Rev Biol – volume: 11 start-page: 411 year: 2000 end-page: 415 article-title: Are snakes right‐handed? Asymmetry in hemipenis size and usage in gartersnakes ( ) publication-title: Behav Ecol – volume: 140 start-page: 73 year: 2005 end-page: 79 article-title: Collecting baseline corticosterone samples in the field: Is under 3 min good enough? publication-title: Comp Biochem Physiol Part A: Mol Integr Physiol – volume: 108 start-page: 237 year: 1997 end-page: 246 article-title: Increased circulating levels of testosterone and corticosterone in Southern Toads, , exposed to coal combustion waste publication-title: Gen Comp Endocrinol – volume: 21 start-page: 7 year: 2002 article-title: Sexually dimorphic morphology of hatching Snapping Turtles ( ) from contaminated and reference sites in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River Basic, North America publication-title: Environ Toxicol Chem – volume: 107 start-page: 4612 year: 2010 end-page: 4617 article-title: Atrazine induces complete feminization and chemical castration in male African clawed frogs ( ) publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA – volume: 67 start-page: 23 year: 2011 end-page: 31 article-title: Environmentally relevant levels of atrazine exposure at the onset of embryonic development impacts post‐hatching behavior and survivorship of neonatal turtles publication-title: Herpetologica – start-page: 496 year: 2004 – volume: 107 start-page: 179 year: 1999 end-page: 186 article-title: Relationships between environmental organochlorine contaminant residues, plasma corticosterone concentrations, and intermediary metabolic enzyme activities in Great Lakes Herring Gull embryos publication-title: Environ Health Perspect – volume: 57 start-page: 376 year: 2008 end-page: 385 article-title: Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of embryonic exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in birds publication-title: Brain Res Rev – volume: 155 start-page: 503 year: 2008 end-page: 510 article-title: Analysis of steroids in songbird plasma and brain by coupling solid phase extraction to radioimmunoassay publication-title: Gen Comp Endocrinol – volume: 120 start-page: 151 year: 1994 end-page: 169 article-title: Preliminary evidence that chronic confinement stress reduces the quality of gametes produced by brown and rainbow trout publication-title: Aquaculture – volume: 1988 start-page: 704 year: 1988 end-page: 710 article-title: Bioaccumulation of Selenium by snakes and frogs in the San Joaquin Valley, California publication-title: Copeia – volume: 68 start-page: 361 year: 1992 end-page: 364 article-title: Fluctuating asymmetry: A biological monitor of environmental and genomic stress publication-title: Heredity – volume: 41 start-page: 7252 year: 2007 end-page: 7259 article-title: Snapping Turtles ( ) as bioindicators in Canadian areas of concern in the Great Lakes Basin. 1. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides in eggs publication-title: Environ Sci Technol – volume: 16 start-page: 300 year: 2009 end-page: 317 article-title: Enhancing versus suppressive effects of stress on immune function: Implications for immunoprotection and immunopathology publication-title: Neuroimmunomodulation – volume: 107 start-page: 613 year: 1999 end-page: 618 article-title: Evaluating the effects of endocrine disruptors on endocrine function during development publication-title: Environ Health Perspect – volume: 145 start-page: 128 year: 2006 end-page: 132 article-title: The effects of stress on wound healing in male tree lizards ( ) publication-title: Gen Comp Endocrinol – volume: 4 start-page: 214 year: 1989 end-page: 217 article-title: Fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of stress: Implications for conservation biology publication-title: Trends Ecol Evol – volume: 55 start-page: 24 year: 2009 end-page: 32 article-title: The effects of maternal corticosterone levels on offspring behavior in fast‐ and slow‐growth garter snakes ( ) publication-title: Horm Behav – volume: 54 start-page: 1138 year: 2004 end-page: 1149 article-title: There is no denying this: Defusing the confusion about atrazine publication-title: BioScience – volume: 26 start-page: 80 year: 2007 end-page: 84 article-title: Atrazine is an immune disruptor in adult Northern Leopard Frogs ( ) publication-title: Environ Toxicol Chem – volume: 2 start-page: 175 year: 1993 end-page: 184 article-title: Developmental stability and its applications in ecotoxicology publication-title: Ecotoxicology – volume: 5 start-page: 67 year: 1977 end-page: 101 article-title: Immune suppression as related to toxicology publication-title: Crit Rev Toxicol – volume: 67 start-page: 33 year: 1987 end-page: 43 article-title: Plasma steroid hormone levels of female red‐sided garter snakes, : Relationship to mating and gestation publication-title: Gen Comp Endocrinol – volume: 16 start-page: 282 year: 2010 end-page: 300 article-title: DNA double‐strand breakage as an endpoint to examine metal and radionuclide exposure effects to water snakes on a nuclear industrial site publication-title: Hum Ecol Risk Assess – volume: 85 start-page: 820 year: 2011 end-page: 825 article-title: Absorption of current use pesticides by Snapping Turtle ( ) eggs in treated soil publication-title: Chemosphere – volume: 112 start-page: 157 year: 1996 end-page: 169 article-title: Contaminant‐induced immunotoxicity in harbour seals: Wildlife at risk? publication-title: Toxicology – volume: 38 start-page: 721 year: 2008 end-page: 772 article-title: Effects of atrazine on fish, amphibians, and aquatic reptiles: A critical review publication-title: Crit Rev Toxicol – volume: 27 start-page: 1102 year: 2008 end-page: 1111 article-title: Toxicity of oral exposure to 2, 4, 6 trinitrotoluene in the Western Fence Lizard ( ) publication-title: Environ Toxicol Chem – volume: 21 start-page: 1125 year: 1990 end-page: 1137 article-title: Kinetics and metabolism of 14C‐lindane and 14C‐atrazine in early life stages of zebrafish ( ) publication-title: Chemosphere – volume: 9 start-page: 130 year: 1995 end-page: 139 article-title: Experimental design in studies of snake behavior publication-title: Herpetol Monogr – start-page: 19 year: 1987 – volume: 4 start-page: 1 year: 1963 end-page: 14 article-title: The anatomy of , a colubrid snake from Java publication-title: J Ohio Herpetol Soc – volume: 22 start-page: 572 year: 2007 end-page: 581 article-title: Ecological relevance and sensitivity depending on the exposure time for two biomarkers publication-title: Environ Toxicol – volume: 41 start-page: 323 year: 2005 end-page: 332 article-title: Glyphosate, other herbicides, and transformation products in midwestern streams, 2002: Agricultural hydrology and water quality publication-title: J Am Water Res Assoc – volume: 21 start-page: 899 year: 2002 end-page: 905 article-title: Evaluation of Western Fence Lizards ( ) and Eastern Fence Lizards ( ) as laboratory reptile models for toxicological investigations publication-title: Environ Toxicol Chem – volume: 84 start-page: 292 year: 2011 end-page: 298 article-title: Acute corticosterone administration during meiotic segregation stimulates females to produce more male offspring publication-title: Physiol Biochem Zool – volume: 135 start-page: 365 year: 2003 end-page: 374 article-title: Effect of acute stress on plasma β‐corticosterone, estradiol‐17β and testosterone concentrations in juvenile American Alligators collected from three sites within the Kissimmee‐Everglades drainage basin in Florida (USA) publication-title: Comp Biochem Physiol Part C: Toxicol Pharmacol – volume: 76 start-page: 366 year: 2003 end-page: 375 article-title: Developmental atrazine exposure suppresses immune function in male, but not female Sprague‐Dawley Rats publication-title: Toxicol Sci – volume: 15 start-page: 31 year: 1996 end-page: 76 article-title: Ecological risk assessment of atrazine in North American surface waters publication-title: Environ Toxicol Chem – volume: 136 start-page: 328 year: 2004 end-page: 337 article-title: Seasonal steroid hormone levels and their relation to reproduction in the Western Diamond‐backed Rattlesnake, (Serpentes: Viperidae) publication-title: Gen Comp Endocrinol – volume: 158 start-page: 3596 year: 2010 end-page: 3606 article-title: Ecological risk of anthropogenic pollutants to reptiles: Evaluating assumptions of sensitivity and exposure publication-title: Environ Pollut – volume: 490 start-page: 462 year: 2012 end-page: 465 article-title: Toxicology: The learning curve publication-title: Nature – volume: 100 start-page: 649 year: 1991 end-page: 651 article-title: Acute stress suppresses plasma estradiol levels in female alligators ( ) publication-title: Comp Biochem Physiol Part A: Physiol – volume: 16 start-page: 275 year: 2002 end-page: 279 article-title: Atrazine inhibition of testosterone production in rat males following peripubertal exposure publication-title: Reprod Toxicol – volume: 127 start-page: 64 year: 2011 end-page: 73 article-title: Demasculinization and feminization of male gonads by atrazine: Consistent effects across vertebrate classes publication-title: J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol – volume: 3 start-page: 309 year: 2005 end-page: 313 article-title: The effects of atrazine and temperature on turtle hatchling size and sex ratios publication-title: Front Ecol Environ – volume: 19 start-page: 2391 year: 2000 end-page: 2393 article-title: Reptile toxicology: Challenges and opportunities on the last frontier in vertebrate ecotoxicology publication-title: Environ Toxicol Chem – volume: 118 start-page: 20 year: 2010 end-page: 32 article-title: A qualitative meta‐analysis reveals consistent effects of atrazine on freshwater fish and amphibians publication-title: Environ Health Perspect – volume: 31 start-page: 565 year: 1997 end-page: 569 article-title: Use of experimental enclosures to examine foraging success in water snakes: A case study publication-title: J Herpetol – start-page: 90 year: 1976 – year: 2008a – volume: 19 start-page: 716 year: 1974 end-page: 723 article-title: A new look at the statistical model identification publication-title: IEEE Trans Autom Control – volume: 16 start-page: 2325 year: 2006 end-page: 2332 article-title: Atrazine increases Ranavirus susceptibility in the Tiger Salamander, publication-title: Ecol Appl – volume: 25 start-page: 520 year: 2006 end-page: 526 article-title: Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine on gonadal development of Snapping Turtles ( ) publication-title: Environ Toxicol Chem – volume: 102 start-page: 262 year: 2007 end-page: 302 article-title: Sources of stress in captivity publication-title: Appl Anim Behav Sci – volume: 100 start-page: 33 year: 1995 end-page: 38 article-title: Effect of acute captivity stress on plasma concentrations of corticosterone and sex steroids in female Whistling Frogs, publication-title: Gen Comp Endocrinol – volume: 10 start-page: 949 year: 2000 end-page: 957 article-title: Aquatic ecosystems: Harbingers of endocrine disruption publication-title: Ecol Appl – volume: 109 start-page: 379 year: 2009 end-page: 389 article-title: Chronic exposure to high levels of atrazine alters expression of genes that regulate immune and growth‐related functions in developing tadpoles publication-title: Environ Res – volume: 75 start-page: 343 year: 2003 end-page: 354 article-title: Modeling and predicting immunological effects of chemical stressors: Characterization of a quantitative biomarker for immunological changes caused by atrazine and ethanol publication-title: Toxicol Sci – volume: 112 start-page: 1054 year: 2004 end-page: 1057 article-title: Survivorship patterns of larval amphibians exposed to low concentrations of atrazine publication-title: Environ Health Perspect – volume: 74 start-page: 245 year: 2003 end-page: 252 article-title: Uncertainties for endocrine disrupters: Our view on progress publication-title: Toxicol Sci – volume: 122 start-page: 857 year: 2001 end-page: 864 article-title: Alteration in development of reproductive and endocrine systems of wildlife populations exposed to endocrine‐disrupting contaminants publication-title: Reproduction – volume: 17 start-page: 391 year: 1986 end-page: 421 article-title: Fluctuating asymmetry: Measurement, analysis, patterns publication-title: Annu Rev Ecol Syst – volume: 76 start-page: 2200 year: 1998 end-page: 2206 article-title: Variation in offspring sex ratios in the Northern Watersnake ( ) publication-title: J Zool – volume: 39 start-page: 8083 year: 2005 end-page: 8089 article-title: Toxicokinetics of 14C‐atrazine and its metabolites in stage‐66 publication-title: Environ Sci Technol – volume: 27 start-page: 90 year: 1993 end-page: 94 article-title: Microgeographic, historical, and size‐correlated variation in Water Snake diet composition publication-title: J Herpetol – volume: 85 start-page: 1641 year: 2006 end-page: 1647 article-title: Effects of in ovo exposure to imazalil and atrazine on sexual differentiation in chick gonads publication-title: Poult Sci – volume: 118 start-page: 552 year: 2009 end-page: 557 article-title: Low levels of the herbicide atrazine alter sex ratios and reduce metamorphic success in tadpoles raised in outdoor mesocosms publication-title: Environ Health Perspect – ident: e_1_2_6_29_1 doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.08.005 – volume: 191 start-page: 57 year: 1992 ident: e_1_2_6_62_1 article-title: Fluctuating asymmetry as a measure of developmental stability: Implications of non‐normal distributions and power of statistical tests publication-title: Acta Zool Fennica contributor: fullname: Palmer AR – ident: e_1_2_6_33_1 doi: 10.1016/0045-6535(90)90133-E – ident: e_1_2_6_6_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03738.x – volume: 21 start-page: 7 year: 2002 ident: e_1_2_6_19_1 article-title: Sexually dimorphic morphology of hatching Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina) from contaminated and reference sites in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River Basic, North America publication-title: Environ Toxicol Chem doi: 10.1002/etc.5620210506 contributor: fullname: Solla SR – ident: e_1_2_6_40_1 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0909519107 – ident: e_1_2_6_50_1 doi: 10.1289/ehp.99107179 – volume-title: 17β‐Estradiol (E2) ELISA Kit (Microplate) User's Guide year: 2008 ident: e_1_2_6_2_1 contributor: fullname: Abraxis L – ident: e_1_2_6_4_1 doi: 10.1016/S0300-483X(00)00259-6 – ident: e_1_2_6_52_1 doi: 10.1093/ps/85.9.1641 – ident: e_1_2_6_56_1 doi: 10.1080/10807031003670337 – volume-title: ELISA Kit for Atrazine year: 2008 ident: e_1_2_6_3_1 contributor: fullname: Abraxis L – ident: e_1_2_6_45_1 doi: 10.1002/etc.5620180627 – ident: e_1_2_6_24_1 doi: 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90384-O – ident: e_1_2_6_59_1 doi: 10.2307/1445391 – ident: e_1_2_6_16_1 doi: 10.1289/ehp.98106s111 – ident: e_1_2_6_72_1 doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfg250 – ident: e_1_2_6_18_1 doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.080 – ident: e_1_2_6_41_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.03.015 – ident: e_1_2_6_63_1 doi: 10.1038/hdy.1992.51 – ident: e_1_2_6_5_1 doi: 10.1109/TAC.1974.1100705 – ident: e_1_2_6_34_1 doi: 10.1007/BF00116422 – ident: e_1_2_6_80_1 doi: 10.3109/10408447709101342 – volume: 76 start-page: 2200 year: 1998 ident: e_1_2_6_81_1 article-title: Variation in offspring sex ratios in the Northern Watersnake (Nerodia sipedon) publication-title: J Zool contributor: fullname: Weatherhead PJ – ident: e_1_2_6_23_1 doi: 10.1021/es050295m – ident: e_1_2_6_57_1 doi: 10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-09-0003.1 – ident: e_1_2_6_61_1 doi: 10.1146/annurev.es.17.110186.002135 – ident: e_1_2_6_70_1 doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.11.004 – start-page: 90 volume-title: Breeding snakes in captivity year: 1976 ident: e_1_2_6_67_1 contributor: fullname: Riches R – ident: e_1_2_6_84_1 doi: 10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0309:TEOAAT]2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_6_74_1 doi: 10.1093/beheco/11.4.411 – volume-title: Long‐Term Assessment of Predatory Fish Removal on a Pond‐Breeding Amphibian Community in Central Illinois year: 2009 ident: e_1_2_6_35_1 contributor: fullname: Gross LM – ident: e_1_2_6_47_1 doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2009.01.006 – ident: e_1_2_6_31_1 doi: 10.1016/S0890-6238(02)00019-9 – ident: e_1_2_6_71_1 doi: 10.1073/pnas.131091498 – ident: e_1_2_6_15_1 doi: 10.1086/393498 – ident: e_1_2_6_54_1 doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2006.05.032 – ident: e_1_2_6_51_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb00195.x – ident: e_1_2_6_12_1 doi: 10.1006/gcen.1995.1129 – start-page: 496 volume-title: North American Watersnakes: A Natural History year: 2004 ident: e_1_2_6_32_1 contributor: fullname: Gibbons JW – ident: e_1_2_6_43_1 doi: 10.1002/etc.5620191001 – ident: e_1_2_6_75_1 doi: 10.1002/etc.5620150105 – ident: e_1_2_6_49_1 doi: 10.1016/0169-5347(89)90077-3 – ident: e_1_2_6_55_1 doi: 10.2307/1565610 – ident: e_1_2_6_46_1 doi: 10.2307/1564912 – ident: e_1_2_6_64_1 doi: 10.1086/659373 – ident: e_1_2_6_77_1 doi: 10.1289/ehp.6821 – ident: e_1_2_6_11_1 doi: 10.1002/tox.20293 – ident: e_1_2_6_60_1 doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.08.011 – ident: e_1_2_6_28_1 doi: 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2325:AIRSIT]2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_6_22_1 doi: 10.1159/000216188 – ident: e_1_2_6_21_1 doi: 10.1021/es0710205 – ident: e_1_2_6_27_1 doi: 10.2307/1467001 – ident: e_1_2_6_58_1 doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.08.007 – volume: 107 start-page: 613 year: 1999 ident: e_1_2_6_8_1 article-title: Evaluating the effects of endocrine disruptors on endocrine function during development publication-title: Environ Health Perspect contributor: fullname: Bigsby R – ident: e_1_2_6_25_1 doi: 10.1038/490462a – ident: e_1_2_6_83_1 doi: 10.1016/0016-6480(87)90202-4 – ident: e_1_2_6_36_1 doi: 10.1530/rep.0.1220857 – ident: e_1_2_6_73_1 doi: 10.1016/0300-483X(96)03396-3 – ident: e_1_2_6_30_1 doi: 10.1086/518569 – ident: e_1_2_6_78_1 doi: 10.1002/etc.5620210503 – ident: e_1_2_6_53_1 doi: 10.1897/07-312.1 – ident: e_1_2_6_42_1 doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.05.017 – ident: e_1_2_6_13_1 doi: 10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0949:AEHOED]2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_6_38_1 doi: 10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[1138:TINDTD]2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_6_37_1 doi: 10.1016/S1532-0456(03)00138-8 – ident: e_1_2_6_66_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1999.tb01939.x – ident: e_1_2_6_9_1 doi: 10.1897/05-469.1 – ident: e_1_2_6_39_1 doi: 10.1073/pnas.082121499 – ident: e_1_2_6_48_1 doi: 10.1289/ehp.0901418 – ident: e_1_2_6_14_1 doi: 10.1093/toxsci/53.2.297 – ident: e_1_2_6_68_1 doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.07.008 – start-page: 19 volume-title: Snakes: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology year: 1987 ident: e_1_2_6_26_1 contributor: fullname: Fitch HS – ident: e_1_2_6_79_1 doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.01.008 – ident: e_1_2_6_7_1 doi: 10.2307/1562573 – ident: e_1_2_6_17_1 doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfg105 – ident: e_1_2_6_65_1 doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfg200 – ident: e_1_2_6_76_1 doi: 10.1080/10408440802116496 – ident: e_1_2_6_44_1 doi: 10.1006/gcen.1997.6969 – volume: 37 start-page: 52 year: 2006 ident: e_1_2_6_85_1 article-title: Efficacy of marking snakes with disposable medical cautery units publication-title: Herpetol Rev contributor: fullname: Winne CT – ident: e_1_2_6_10_1 doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90230-5 – ident: e_1_2_6_20_1 doi: 10.1897/05-165R.1 – ident: e_1_2_6_69_1 doi: 10.1289/ehp.0901164 – ident: e_1_2_6_82_1 doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.011
SSID	ssj0009656
Score	2.1688025
Snippet	Ecotoxicological studies that focus on a single endpoint might not accurately and completely represent the true ecological effects of a contaminant. Exposure...
SourceID	proquest crossref pubmed wiley istex fao
SourceType	Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher
StartPage	1072
SubjectTerms	amphibians Animals atrazine Atrazine - toxicity blood Colubridae Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Endocrine disruptors estradiol Female fetal death fish gestation period Herbicides - toxicity immune function ingestion Male morphometry mortality mothers Nerodia sipedon progeny reproduction reptiles sex ratio sexual development snakes Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
Title	Assessing multiple endpoints of atrazine ingestion on gravid northern watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon) and their offspring
URI	https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-46VKJ3T0-W/fulltext.pdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Ftox.21837 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23436772 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1553120037 https://search.proquest.com/docview/1560115806
Volume	29
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link	http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3ra9RAEB9sQRDBR300WmUVkfohNtlssjn8JHq1KFyFXm2_LZPsRo7C5rjc0frfO7O5SykoCJIEQrJ57M7Oa2f3NwBvUmtHTmMTW5fKWCmp4qp0RazIeibtYtMqZFE4OtGT8_LzmGFyPmzWwvT4EMOAG3NGkNfM4Fh1B9egocv26j3rd15JTl5CWL6Rfb8G3C1C5lZSTwn5SGW6QRVK5MHw5A1dtNVgSxYqN-7Vn8zNm9ZrUD-H9__rxx_AvbXVKT723eQh3HJ-B26PA2L1rx24e1w79Gvw6kdw2UeCSamJzXxD4bydtzO_7ETbCFwuAiq14DHBjkkraOdMRjMrPEeC3MKLS2TkTo8XrhP7E0eSeoaim82dbf07gd6KEKWgFzZ9dPgxnB6Op5-O4nWChrjOGS89rTjIWSe06UaS41KidnlhszrjkSXMbcnrXLGxympSCixPdNLQZeVsjjJ7Atu-9W4XROLsqCZZk2E9UqjLSmlVJxVirqROZRLB6w2pzLzH4TA94rI01KAmNGgEu0REgz9JPprTE8neIx2aBE8EbwNlh4dxccFz2nRuziZfjCp-fPuaTRNzFsHehvRmzc6d4eRKKU_jo0-8Gm4TI3J0Bb1rV1ymYPO6TIoInvZdZviYzFRWkB8TwX7oGX-vgpken4eTZ_9e9Dnc4ar2M9_2YHu5WLkXsNXZ1cvAE78B2PsLJA
link.rule.ids	315,782,786,1408,27933,27934,46064,46488
linkProvider	Wiley-Blackwell
linkToHtml	http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3_a9QwFH94E1EEv8wvq06NIjJ_qGvTtOmBv4jePN28Cbu5_RbSJpVjkB7XOzb_e99Lrx0DBUHaQmmTpsnL-5K85PMAXsfGDK3UVWhszEMhuAiL3GahQOsZtYuJCx9FYXwkJ6f5pxHB5Lzv9sK0-BD9hBtxhpfXxOA0Ib17iRq6rC_ekYKXA7guMuyItIEj-X4JuZv52K2ooCIcJeVxhysU8d0-6xVtNKh0jTYqNe_FnwzOq_arV0B7d__v1-_BnbXhyT60PeU-XLNuE26MPGj1r024fVha7db41Q_gvHUGo15j3ZJDZp2Z1zO3bFhdMb1ceGBqRtOCDVGX4UnBjGaGOXIG2YVj55rAO50-sw3bmVgU1jPNmtncmtq9ZdoZ5h0V-MGqdRA_hOO90fTjOFzHaAjLlCDT44L8nGWEh6w4jl1yLW2amaRMaHJJpyanra66MsJI1AskUmRU4WNhTap58gg2XO3sFrDImmGJ4ibR5VBomRdCijIqtE4FlzGPAnjV0UrNWygO1YIuc4UNqnyDBrCFVFT6J4pIdXzEaQCJl0TZE8AbT9o-s16c0bI2maqTyWclsh_7X5NppE4C2O5or9Yc3SiKrxTTSj4s4mX_GnmRHCza2XpFaTKysPMoC-Bx22f6wngikgyHMgHs-K7x9yqo6eGpv3ny70lfwM3x9NuBOvgy2X8Kt6ja7UK4bdhYLlb2GQwas3ruGeQ3sxIPTA
linkToPdf	http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3_a9QwFH94E0UEv8wvq06NIjJ_qGvTtOnhT-LunE5ug93cfgtpk8oxSI_rHZv_ve-l146BgiBtobRJ0-TlfUle8nkAb2NjhlbqKjQ25qEQXIRFbrNQoPWM2sXEhY-isH8sJ2f53ohgcj52e2FafIh-wo04w8trYvC5qXavQEOX9eUH0u9yADcFmuEEnJ8kR1eIu5kP3Yr6KcJBUh53sEIR3-2zXlNGg0rXaKJS617-yd68br56_TO-_19__gDurc1O9qntJw_hhnWbcGvkIat_bcLdw9Jqt0avfgQXrSsYtRrrFhwy68y8nrllw-qK6eXCw1IzmhRsiLYMTwplNDPMkSvILhy70ATd6fS5bdjOxKKonmnWzObW1O49084w76bAD1ate_gxnIxH08_74TpCQ1imBJgeF-TlLCM8ZMVx5JJradPMJGVCU0s6NTltdNWVEUaiViCBIqMKHwtrUs2TJ7Dhame3gEXWDEsUNokuh0LLvBBSlFGhdSq4jHkUwJuOVGreAnGoFnKZK2xQ5Rs0gC0kotI_UUCqk2NOw0e8JEqeAN55yvaZ9eKcFrXJVJ1OviiR_Tj4lkwjdRrAdkd6tebnRlF0pZjW8WERr_vXyInkXtHO1itKk5F9nUdZAE_bLtMXxhORZDiQCWDH94y_V0FND8_8zbN_T_oKbh_tjdX3r5OD53CHat2ugtuGjeViZV_AoDGrl549fgNWLg3y
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Assessing+multiple+endpoints+of+atrazine+ingestion+on+gravid+northern+watersnakes+%28Nerodia+sipedon%29+and+their+offspring&rft.jtitle=Environmental+toxicology&rft.au=Neuman%E2%80%90Lee%2C+Lorin+A.&rft.au=Gaines%2C+Karen+F.&rft.au=Baumgartner%2C+Kyle+A.&rft.au=Voorhees%2C+Jaymie+R.&rft.date=2014-09-01&rft.issn=1520-4081&rft.eissn=1522-7278&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1072&rft.epage=1082&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Ftox.21837&rft.externalDBID=10.1002%252Ftox.21837&rft.externalDocID=TOX21837
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1520-4081&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1520-4081&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1520-4081&client=summon