The fusion of keratinized epithelium, an indication of early implant placement in the aesthetic area: an animal study

• Published in: BMC oral health Vol. 23; no. 1; p. 1016
• Main Authors: Ren, Chengyan, Chen, Weihui, Chen, Jiangping, Mao, Chuanqing, Liao, Caiyu, Liu, Jianan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 19-12-2023; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Analysis; Angiogenesis; Animals; Biological activity; Care and treatment; Cbfa-1 protein; CD34 antigen; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Diagnosis; Early implant placement; Edentulism; Epithelium; Esthetics, Dental; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Extraction; Fibroblasts; Fractures; Health aspects; Implant dentures; Indication; Mice; Osseointegration; Osteocalcin; Provisional matrix; Statistical analysis; Stem cells; Teeth; Tooth Extraction; Tooth Socket - surgery; Transplants & implants; Variance analysis; Wound healing; China; Osseointegration; Provisional matrix; Indication; Early implant placement
• ISSN: 1472-6831; 1472-6831
• DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03755-9

In the period of the early implant placement, the socket is mainly occupied by provisional matrix (PM). Keratinized epithelium (KE) is critical for primary wound closure. Although both KE and PM are important, the detailed relationship among migrating KE, PM formation and indication of the early implant placement is still unclear.
This research aimed to locate a healing stage of KE with highest osteogenic PM formation after tooth extraction, which could be treated as the optimal time point for early implant placement.
Mice were sacrificed on days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 after incisor extraction. Clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical evaluations of the extraction sockets were performed, and statistical analyses were conducted. We then inserted implants into the PM with the greatest bioactivity and observed its osseointegration pattern for 3, 10, 17 and 30 days.
When KE fusion was reached, sockets were dominated by PM with the greatest expression of osteocalcin (OC, P < 0.05) and high levels of CD34 and Runx2. OC and Runx2 expression were positively correlated with KE coverage (P < 0.05). When the implant was inserted at 4 days' healing, the PM maintained its osteogenic ability, and osseointegration proceeded perfectly.
The migration of KE was correlated with the formation of highly osteogenic and angiogenic PM. And the fusion of KE could be treated as an indication for early implant placement.