Wage Discrimination and Occupational Crowding in a Competitive Industry: Evidence from the American Whaling Industry

We test for wage discrimination and occupational crowding in the nineteenthcentury American whaling industry. Although our results indicate little evidence of wage discrimination, we cannot reject the hypothesis that certain groups—specifically blacks and Portuguese–experienced some occupational cro...

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Published in:	The Journal of economic history Vol. 53; no. 1; pp. 123 - 138
Main Authors:	Craig, Lee A., Fearn, Robert M.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York, USA Cambridge University Press 01-03-1993 New York University Press for the Economic History Association
Subjects:	BALEINE BALLENA CAZA CHASSE Coefficients Discrimination Economic history Employment discrimination ESTADOS UNIDOS DE AMERICA ETATS UNIS Gender discrimination GROUPE MINORITAIRE GRUPOS MINORITARIOS HISTOIRE HISTORIA HISTORY HUNTING LABOUR MARKET MARCHE DU TRAVAIL MATHEMATICAL MODELS MERCADO DEL TRABAJO MINORITIES MINORITY GROUPS MODELE MATHEMATIQUE MODELOS MATEMATICOS Occupations RACIAL DISCRIMINATION REMUNERATION SALARIOS Seamen Ships U.S.A USA Variable coefficients Wages Wages & salaries WHALES Whales & whaling Whaling Whaling industry United States > US
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Abstract	We test for wage discrimination and occupational crowding in the nineteenthcentury American whaling industry. Although our results indicate little evidence of wage discrimination, we cannot reject the hypothesis that certain groups—specifically blacks and Portuguese–experienced some occupational crowding, though it was by no means complete and the minority-dominated occupations were not low-paying ones. In addition, we find that members of the majority group—white American and Northern European seamen—did accept a negative compensating wage differential for working with members of their own group.
AbstractList	The 19th-century whaling industry was examined to determine the extent of wage discrimination and occupational crowding. The findings indicate little evidence for wage discrimination, that certain groups experienced some occupational crowding and that American and North European seamen accepted a negative compensating wage differential for working with memebers of their own group. We test for wage discrimination and occupational crowding in the nineteenth-century American whaling industry. Although our results indicate little evidence of wage discrimination, we cannot reject the hypothesis that certain groups--specifically blacks and Portuguese--experienced some occupational crowding, though it was by no means complete and the minority-dominated occupations were not low-paying ones. In addition, we find that members of the majority group--white American and Northern European seamen--did accept a negative compensating wage differential for working with members of their own group. We test for wage discrimination and occupational crowding in the nineteenthcentury American whaling industry. Although our results indicate little evidence of wage discrimination, we cannot reject the hypothesis that certain groups—specifically blacks and Portuguese–experienced some occupational crowding, though it was by no means complete and the minority-dominated occupations were not low-paying ones. In addition, we find that members of the majority group—white American and Northern European seamen—did accept a negative compensating wage differential for working with members of their own group.
Author	Fearn, Robert M. Craig, Lee A.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Lee A. surname: Craig fullname: Craig, Lee A. organization: Assistant Professor of Economics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7506 – sequence: 2 givenname: Robert M. surname: Fearn fullname: Fearn, Robert M. organization: Professor of Economics, North Carolina State University
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Cites_doi	10.1086/298174 10.2307/2525981 10.2307/2297361 10.2307/144855 10.3386/h0013 10.2307/145687
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References	Foner (S0022050700012419_ref007) 1970 Hohman (S0022050700012419_ref009) 1928 Heckman (S0022050700012419_ref008) 1976; 5 (S0022050700012419_ref020) 1864 Melville (S0022050700012419_ref012) 1967 (S0022050700012419_ref016) 1850 Starbuck (S0022050700012419_ref019) 1878; 4 S0022050700012419_ref005 Alchian (S0022050700012419_ref001) 1962 S0022050700012419_ref014 S0022050700012419_ref003 (S0022050700012419_ref013) 1850 S0022050700012419_ref011 S0022050700012419_ref010 S0022050700012419_ref021 (S0022050700012419_ref015) 1850 Scully (S0022050700012419_ref018) 1974 Putney (S0022050700012419_ref017) 1987 S0022050700012419_ref006 Craig (S0022050700012419_ref004) 1992; 8 Becker (S0022050700012419_ref002) 1957
References_xml	– ident: S0022050700012419_ref010 doi: 10.1086/298174 – volume-title: Crew Lists year: 1850 ident: S0022050700012419_ref015 – ident: S0022050700012419_ref014 doi: 10.2307/2525981 – volume-title: Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party Before the Civil War year: 1970 ident: S0022050700012419_ref007 contributor: fullname: Foner – ident: S0022050700012419_ref011 doi: 10.2307/2297361 – start-page: 157 volume-title: Aspects of Labor Economics year: 1962 ident: S0022050700012419_ref001 contributor: fullname: Alchian – volume-title: Black Sailors: Afro-American Merchant Seamen and Whalemen Prior to the Civil War year: 1987 ident: S0022050700012419_ref017 contributor: fullname: Putney – volume: 8 start-page: 607 year: 1992 ident: S0022050700012419_ref004 article-title: Manager Shareholding, the Market for Managers, and the End-Period Problem publication-title: Journal of Law contributor: fullname: Craig – ident: S0022050700012419_ref003 doi: 10.2307/144855 – volume: 5 start-page: 475 year: 1976 ident: S0022050700012419_ref008 article-title: The Common Structure of Statistical Model of Truncation, Sample Selection, and Limited Dependent Variables, and a Simple Estimator for Such Models publication-title: Annals of Economic and Social Measurement contributor: fullname: Heckman – start-page: 221 volume-title: Government and the Sports Business year: 1974 ident: S0022050700012419_ref018 contributor: fullname: Scully – ident: S0022050700012419_ref021 – volume-title: The American Whaleman: A Study of Life and Labor in the Whaling Industry year: 1928 ident: S0022050700012419_ref009 contributor: fullname: Hohman – volume-title: Shipping Articles year: 1850 ident: S0022050700012419_ref013 – ident: S0022050700012419_ref006 doi: 10.3386/h0013 – volume-title: The Economics of Discrimination year: 1957 ident: S0022050700012419_ref002 contributor: fullname: Becker – volume-title: Population of the United States in 1860 year: 1864 ident: S0022050700012419_ref020 – volume: 4 volume-title: Report of the U.S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries for 1875–76 year: 1878 ident: S0022050700012419_ref019 contributor: fullname: Starbuck – volume-title: Shipping Articles year: 1850 ident: S0022050700012419_ref016 – ident: S0022050700012419_ref005 doi: 10.2307/145687 – volume-title: Moby Dick year: 1967 ident: S0022050700012419_ref012 contributor: fullname: Melville
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Snippet	We test for wage discrimination and occupational crowding in the nineteenthcentury American whaling industry. Although our results indicate little evidence of... We test for wage discrimination and occupational crowding in the nineteenth-century American whaling industry. Although our results indicate little evidence of... The 19th-century whaling industry was examined to determine the extent of wage discrimination and occupational crowding. The findings indicate little evidence...
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SubjectTerms	BALEINE BALLENA CAZA CHASSE Coefficients Discrimination Economic history Employment discrimination ESTADOS UNIDOS DE AMERICA ETATS UNIS Gender discrimination GROUPE MINORITAIRE GRUPOS MINORITARIOS HISTOIRE HISTORIA HISTORY HUNTING LABOUR MARKET MARCHE DU TRAVAIL MATHEMATICAL MODELS MERCADO DEL TRABAJO MINORITIES MINORITY GROUPS MODELE MATHEMATIQUE MODELOS MATEMATICOS Occupations RACIAL DISCRIMINATION REMUNERATION SALARIOS Seamen Ships U.S.A USA Variable coefficients Wages Wages & salaries WHALES Whales & whaling Whaling Whaling industry
Title	Wage Discrimination and Occupational Crowding in a Competitive Industry: Evidence from the American Whaling Industry
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