Stress Monitoring Using Wearable Sensors: A Pilot Study and Stress-Predict Dataset

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 22; no. 21; p. 8135
• Main Authors: Iqbal, Talha, Simpkin, Andrew J, Roshan, Davood, Glynn, Nicola, Killilea, John, Walsh, Jane, Molloy, Gerard, Ganly, Sandra, Ryman, Hannah, Coen, Eileen, Elahi, Adnan, Wijns, William, Shahzad, Atif
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 24-10-2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Accuracy; adaptive reference ranges; biomedical signal processing; Blood pressure; Blood volume; Cardiac stress tests; Cardiovascular disease; Classification; Datasets; Diabetes; health monitoring; Heart beat; Heart rate; Hypertension; Hyperventilation; Innovations; Monitoring; non-invasive devices; Performance evaluation; photoplethysmogram (PPG); Physiology; Questionnaires; Respiratory rate; Rest; Sensors; Smartphones; Statistical analysis; Statistical models; Stress (Psychology); stress-predict dataset; Telemedicine; Wearable technology; Wrist; Ireland
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s22218135

With the recent advancements in the field of wearable technologies, the opportunity to monitor stress continuously using different physiological variables has gained significant interest. The early detection of stress can help improve healthcare and minimizes the negative impact of long-term stress. This paper reports outcomes of a pilot study and associated stress-monitoring dataset, named the “Stress-Predict Dataset”, created by collecting physiological signals from healthy subjects using wrist-worn watches with a photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor. While wearing these watches, 35 healthy volunteers underwent a series of tasks (i.e., Stroop color test, Trier Social Stress Test and Hyperventilation Provocation Test), along with a rest period in-between each task. They also answered questionnaires designed to induce stress levels compatible with daily life. The changes in the blood volume pulse (BVP) and heart rate were recorded by the watch and were labelled as occurring during stress-inducing tasks or a rest period (no stress). Additionally, respiratory rate was estimated using the BVP signal. Statistical models and personalised adaptive reference ranges were used to determine the utility of the proposed stressors and the extracted variables (heart rate and respiratory rate). The analysis showed that the interview session was the most significant stress stimulus, causing a significant variation in heart rate of 27 (77%) participants and respiratory rate of 28 (80%) participants out of 35. The outcomes of this study contribute to the understanding the role of stressors and their association with physiological response and provide a dataset to help develop new wearable solutions for more reliable, valid, and sensitive physio-logical stress monitoring.