Effects of different intensities of physical exercise on insulin sensitivity and protein kinase B/Akt activity in skeletal muscle of obese mice

• Published in: Einstein (São Paulo, Brazil) Vol. 12; no. 1; pp. 82 - 89
• Main Authors: Marinho, Rodolfo, Moura, Leandro Pereira de, Rodrigues, Bárbara de Almeida, Pauli, Luciana Santos Souza, Silva, Adelino Sanchez Ramos da, Ropelle, Eloize Cristina Chiarreotto, Souza, Claudio Teodoro de, Cintra, Dennys Esper Corrêa, Ropelle, Eduardo Rochete, Pauli, José Rodrigo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Brazil Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein 01-01-2014
• Subjects: Animals; Blood Glucose - analysis; Blotting, Western; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - prevention & control; Diet, High-Fat; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Insulin - blood; Insulin resistance; Insulin Resistance - physiology; Male; MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL; Mice; Mice, Obese; Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism; Obesity; Obesity - metabolism; Obesity - physiopathology; Original; Phosphorylation - physiology; Physical Conditioning, Animal - physiology; Physical exercise; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - analysis; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism; Random Allocation; Time Factors; Physical exercise; Obesity; Exercício físico; Insulin resistance; Mice; Diabetes; Obesidade; Camundongos; Resistência à insulina
• ISSN: 1679-4508; 2317-6385; 2317-6385; 1679-4508
• DOI: 10.1590/S1679-45082014AO2881

To investigate the effects of different intensities of acute exercise on insulin sensitivity and protein kinase B/Akt activity in skeletal muscle of obese mice.
Swiss mice were randomly divided into four groups, and fed either a standard diet (control group) or high fat diet (obese sedentary group and obese exercise group 1 and 2) for 12 weeks. Two different exercise protocols were used: swimming for 1 hour with or without an overload of 5% body weight. The insulin tolerance test was performed to estimate whole-body sensitivity. Western blot technique was used to determine protein levels of protein kinase B/Akt and phosphorylation by protein Kinase B/Akt in mice skeletal muscle.
A single bout of exercise inhibited the high fat diet-induced insulin resistance. There was increase in phosphorylation by protein kinase B/Akt serine, improve in insulin signaling and reduce of fasting glucose in mice that swam for 1 hour without overload and mice that swan for 1 hour with overload of 5%. However, no significant differences were seen between exercised groups.
Regardless of intensity, aerobic exercise was able to improve insulin sensitivity and phosphorylation by protein kinase B/Ak, and proved to be a good form of treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes.