Fasting and Postprandial Glycoxidative and Lipoxidative Stress Are Increased in Women With Type 2 Diabetes

• Published in: Diabetes care Vol. 30; no. 7; pp. 1789 - 1794
• Main Authors: Schindhelm, Roger K, Alssema, Marjan, Scheffer, Peter G, Diamant, Michaela, Dekker, Jacqueline M, Barto, Rob, Nijpels, Giel, Kostense, Piet J, Heine, Robert J, Schalkwijk, Casper G, Teerlink, Tom
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Alexandria, VA American Diabetes Association 01-07-2007
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; Biological variation; Blood Glucose - analysis; Blood pressure; Carbohydrates; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular Diseases; Care and treatment; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - physiopathology; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases); Endocrinopathies; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance; Fasting; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Health aspects; Hormone replacement therapy; Humans; Lipids - blood; Meals; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Plasma; Postmenopause; Postprandial Period; Proteins; Risk; Risk factors; Studies; Type 2 diabetes; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Vertebrates: endocrinology; Women; Netherlands; Endocrinopathy; Type 2 diabetes; Human; Fasting; Nutrition; Postprandial; Metabolic diseases; Stress; Adult; Female; Woman; Fast; Endocrinology
• ISSN: 0149-5992; 1935-5548
• DOI: 10.2337/dc06-2585

OBJECTIVE:-- We studied acute changes in markers of glycoxidative and lipoxidative stress, including oxidized LDL, Nε-(carboxyethyl)-lysine (CEL), Nε-(carboxymethyl)-lysine (CML), and 3-deoxyglucosone (3DG), following two consecutive meals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-- Postmenopausal women (27 with normal glucose metabolism [NGM], 26 with type 2 diabetes) received two consecutive fat-rich meals and two consecutive carbohydrate-rich meals on two occasions. Glucose and triglyceride concentrations were measured at baseline and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h following breakfast; lunch was given at 4 h. Oxidized LDL-to-LDL cholesterol ratio, CEL, CML, and 3DG were measured at baseline and at 8 h. RESULTS:-- Fasting oxidized LDL-to-LDL cholesterol ratio, 3DG, and CML were higher in women with type 2 diabetes compared with women with NGM and were comparable to the postprandial values at 8 h in NGM. Postprandial rises in the oxidized LDL-to-LDL cholesterol ratio and 3DG were similar in both groups. However, the oxidized LDL-to-LDL cholesterol ratio increased more after the fat-rich meals, whereas CML and 3DG increased more after the carbohydrate-rich meals. After the fat-rich meals, the increase in the oxidized LDL-to-LDL cholesterol ratio correlated with postprandial triglycerides, whereas the increase in 3DG was correlated with postprandial glucose. CONCLUSIONS:-- The acute changes in markers of glycoxidative and lipoxidative stress in both type 2 diabetes and NGM suggest that postabsorptive oxidative stress may partly underlie the association of postprandial derangements and cardiovascular risk.