Forward and backward walking share the same motor modules and locomotor adaptation strategies

Forward and backward walking share the same motor modules and locomotor adaptation strategies

Forward and backward walking are remarkably similar motor behaviors to the extent that backward walking has been described as a time-reversed version of forward walking. However, because they display different muscle activity patterns, it has been questioned if forward and backward walking share com...

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Published in:Heliyon Vol. 7; no. 8; p. e07864
Main Authors: Zych, Magdalena, Cannariato, Annalisa, Bonato, Paolo, Severini, Giacomo
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier Ltd 01-08-2021
Elsevier
Subjects:
Locomotor adaptations
Muscle synergies
Neuromechanical modeling
Split-belt treadmill
Locomotor adaptations
Split-belt treadmill
Neuromechanical modeling
Muscle synergies
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Abstract Forward and backward walking are remarkably similar motor behaviors to the extent that backward walking has been described as a time-reversed version of forward walking. However, because they display different muscle activity patterns, it has been questioned if forward and backward walking share common control strategies. To investigate this point, we used a split-belt treadmill experimental paradigm designed to elicit healthy individuals’ motor adaptation by changing the speed of one of the treadmill belts, while keeping the speed of the other belt constant. We applied this experimental paradigm to both forward and backward walking. We analyzed several adaptation parameters including step symmetry, stability, and energy expenditure as well as the characteristics of the synergies of lower-limb muscles. We found that forward and backward walking share the same muscle synergy modules. We showed that these modules are marked by similar patterns of adaptation driven by stability and energy consumption minimization criteria, both relying on modulating the temporal activation of the muscle synergies. Our results provide evidence that forward and backward walking are governed by the same control and adaptation mechanisms. Locomotor adaptations; split-belt treadmill; muscle synergies; neuromechanical modeling
AbstractList Forward and backward walking are remarkably similar motor behaviors to the extent that backward walking has been described as a time-reversed version of forward walking. However, because they display different muscle activity patterns, it has been questioned if forward and backward walking share common control strategies. To investigate this point, we used a split-belt treadmill experimental paradigm designed to elicit healthy individuals’ motor adaptation by changing the speed of one of the treadmill belts, while keeping the speed of the other belt constant. We applied this experimental paradigm to both forward and backward walking. We analyzed several adaptation parameters including step symmetry, stability, and energy expenditure as well as the characteristics of the synergies of lower-limb muscles. We found that forward and backward walking share the same muscle synergy modules. We showed that these modules are marked by similar patterns of adaptation driven by stability and energy consumption minimization criteria, both relying on modulating the temporal activation of the muscle synergies. Our results provide evidence that forward and backward walking are governed by the same control and adaptation mechanisms. Locomotor adaptations; split-belt treadmill; muscle synergies; neuromechanical modeling
Forward and backward walking are remarkably similar motor behaviors to the extent that backward walking has been described as a time-reversed version of forward walking. However, because they display different muscle activity patterns, it has been questioned if forward and backward walking share common control strategies. To investigate this point, we used a split-belt treadmill experimental paradigm designed to elicit healthy individuals’ motor adaptation by changing the speed of one of the treadmill belts, while keeping the speed of the other belt constant. We applied this experimental paradigm to both forward and backward walking. We analyzed several adaptation parameters including step symmetry, stability, and energy expenditure as well as the characteristics of the synergies of lower-limb muscles. We found that forward and backward walking share the same muscle synergy modules. We showed that these modules are marked by similar patterns of adaptation driven by stability and energy consumption minimization criteria, both relying on modulating the temporal activation of the muscle synergies. Our results provide evidence that forward and backward walking are governed by the same control and adaptation mechanisms.
ArticleNumber e07864
Author Severini, Giacomo
Bonato, Paolo
Cannariato, Annalisa
Zych, Magdalena
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Keywords Locomotor adaptations
Split-belt treadmill
Neuromechanical modeling
Muscle synergies
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Snippet Forward and backward walking are remarkably similar motor behaviors to the extent that backward walking has been described as a time-reversed version of...
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StartPage e07864
SubjectTerms Locomotor adaptations
Muscle synergies
Neuromechanical modeling
Split-belt treadmill
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Title Forward and backward walking share the same motor modules and locomotor adaptation strategies
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