The relationship between pain, disability, quality of life and cognitive-behavioural factors in chronic back pain

• Published in: Disability and rehabilitation Vol. 34; no. 23; pp. 1993 - 2000
• Main Authors: Scholich, Sarah L., Hallner, Dirk, Wittenberg, Ralf H., Hasenbring, Monika I., Rusu, Adina C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Informa Healthcare 01-11-2012; Taylor & Francis
• Subjects: Adaptation, Physiological; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anxiety; Chronic Disease; Chronic low back pain; Chronic pain; Cognition; Depression (Psychology); Disability; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons - psychology; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Health Status; Hospitalization; Humans; Low back pain; Low Back Pain - psychology; Low Back Pain - therapy; Male; Middle Aged; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) - methods; pain; Pain Measurement; Physically Handicapped; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychological Distress; Psychological Factors; Quality of Life; Residential Institutions; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Stress, Psychological - psychology; Surveys and Questionnaires; Termination of Treatment; Time Factors; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0963-8288; 1464-5165
• DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2012.667187

Purpose: This pilot study systematically examined the correlations between the outcome variables pain intensity, disability and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and between these outcomes and known psychological risk factors for chronic low back pain (CLBP), such as depression, trait anxiety, avoidance- and endurance-related pain responses at two different assessment points. Method: Data from 52 CLBP inpatients treated in an orthopedic clinic were investigated at two points in time: during the first days after admission and 6 months after the termination of the inpatient treatment. Bivariate relationships between pain intensity, disability, HRQOL and psychological variables were examined with the help of Pearson product moment correlations. Furthermore, the differences that exist between correlations at baseline and follow-up were tested for significance. Results: Significant and large differences were found between the correlations with low correlations at baseline and high correlations at the follow-up. Furthermore, HRQOL showed a positive correlation with endurance-related and a negative correlation with avoidance-related pain responses. Conclusions: Focusing on a systematic comparison of two significant assessment time points in CLBP with an acute exacerbation at baseline, the results of this study underlined the recurrent course of LBP. The results highlight that the assessment time points play an important role in CLBP.
Implications for Rehabilitation
Low back pain is a major public health problem with high direct and indirect back-pain-related costs.
Chronic low back pain is a disabling disease which restricts quality of life.
Psychological factors may have a larger impact on disability and quality of life than pain itself.
The recurrent course of low back pain highlights the importance of multidisciplinary pain management even during acute exacerbations of pain.