Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Therapy on Balance and Gait in the Elderly: A Systematic Review

• Published in: Healthcare (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 2; p. 158
• Main Authors: Rodríguez-Almagro, Daniel, Achalandabaso-Ochoa, Alexander, Ibáñez-Vera, Alfonso Javier, Góngora-Rodríguez, Jorge, Rodríguez-Huguet, Manuel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-01-2024
• Subjects: Aged; Aged patients; Analysis; Balance; Care and treatment; conventional balance training; Equilibrium (Physiology); Exercise; Falls; Feedback; Fractures; Gait; Health aspects; Health care; Institutionalization; Intervention; Mortality; Muscle strength; Older people; Patient compliance; Physical fitness; Physical therapy; Physiological aspects; postural balance; Prevention; Public health; Systematic review; Therapeutics, Experimental; Therapeutics, Physiological; Training; Virtual reality; Spain; exercise; postural balance; virtual reality; conventional balance training
• ISSN: 2227-9032; 2227-9032
• DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020158

Virtual reality (VR) therapies are presently utilized to treat physical and cognitive impairments among elderly people. This systematic review aims to collect the most recent evidence on the effectiveness of VR in improving balance and gait among healthy elderly individuals, in comparison with other therapies. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, SCOPUS, PEDro, and WoS databases, by selecting randomized clinical trials that evaluated balance, both static and dynamic, as well as gait in a population of healthy older adults who underwent virtual reality therapy. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. After eligibility criteria were applied and duplicates were removed, 20 studies were selected out of 1705 initially identified. The present systematic review concludes that virtual reality therapy is more effective than minimal intervention or usual care in enhancing static balance, dynamic balance, and gait in healthy elderly individuals. Moreover, virtual reality therapy yields better outcomes compared to traditional balance training and physical exercise in improving balance and gait in this demographic. However, both methods have shown effectiveness.