Biofilm-specific antibiotic tolerance and resistance

• Published in: European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases Vol. 34; no. 5; pp. 877 - 886
• Main Author: Olsen, I.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-05-2015; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antibiotics; Antimicrobial agents; Bacteria; Bacteria - drug effects; Bacterial Infections - drug therapy; Bacterial Infections - microbiology; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Biofilms; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Cystic fibrosis; Drug resistance; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Internal Medicine; Medical Microbiology; Metabolism; Mutation; Periodontal diseases; Review; Urinary tract diseases; Urinary tract infections; Urogenital system; Antibiotic Resistance; Colistin; Efflux Pump; Horizontal Gene Transfer; Planktonic Cell
• ISSN: 0934-9723; 1435-4373
• DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2323-z

Biofilms are heterogeneous structures composed of bacterial cells surrounded by a matrix and attached to solid surfaces. The bacteria here are 100 to 1,000 times more tolerant to antimicrobials than corresponding planktonic cells. Biofilms can be difficult to eradicate when they cause biofilm-related diseases, e.g., implant infections, cystic fibrosis, urinary tract infections, and periodontal diseases. A number of phenotypic features of the biofilm can be involved in biofilm-specific tolerance and resistance. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. The current review deals with both phenotypic and molecular mechanisms of biofilm-specific antibiotic tolerance and resistance.