Seasonal and spatial changes in trace gases over megacities from Aura TES observations: two case studies

• Published in: Atmospheric chemistry and physics Vol. 17; no. 15; pp. 9379 - 9398
• Main Authors: Cady-Pereira, Karen E, Payne, Vivienne H, Neu, Jessica L, Bowman, Kevin W, Miyazaki, Kazuyuki, Marais, Eloise A, Kulawik, Susan, Tzompa-Sosa, Zitely A, Hegarty, Jennifer D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Katlenburg-Lindau Copernicus GmbH 07-08-2017; Copernicus Publications
• Subjects: Aerosol optical depth; Air pollution; Air quality; Air quality measurements; Aircraft; Algorithms; Ammonia; Annual variations; Atmospheric gases; Atmospheric Infrared Sounder; Biomass; Biomass burning; Burning; Carbon monoxide; Case studies; Cities; Combustion; Data; Earth; Earth Observing System (EOS); Emission analysis; Emission measurements; Emissions; Environmental aspects; Formic acid; Gases; Imaging techniques; In situ measurement; Interannual variability; Megacities; Meteorological satellites; Methanol; Metropolitan areas; MODIS; Optical analysis; Optical thickness; Outdoor air quality; Ozone; Pollutants; Pollution; Pollution detection; Population; Satellites; Seasonal variability; Spectroradiometers; Studies; Trace gases; Trends; Tropospheric circulation; Mexico; United States > US; Texas
• ISSN: 1680-7324; 1680-7316; 1680-7324
• DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-9379-2017

The Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) is collecting closely spaced observations over 19 megacities. The objective is to obtain measurements that will lead to better understanding of the processes affecting air quality in and around these cities, and to better estimates of the seasonal and interannual variability. We explore the TES measurements of ozone, ammonia, methanol and formic acid collected around the Mexico City metropolitan area (MCMA) and in the vicinity of Lagos (Nigeria). The TES data exhibit seasonal signals that are correlated with Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) CO and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depth (AOD), with in situ measurements in the MCMA and with Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)-Chem model output in the Lagos area. TES was able to detect an extreme pollution event in the MCMA on 9 April 2013, which is also evident in the in situ data. TES data also show that biomass burning has a greater impact south of the city than in the caldera where Mexico City is located. TES measured enhanced values of the four species over the Gulf of Guinea south of Lagos. Since it observes many cities from the same platform with the same instrument and applies the same retrieval algorithms, TES data provide a very useful tool for easily comparing air quality measures of two or more cities. We compare the data from the MCMA and Lagos, and show that, while the MCMA has occasional extreme pollution events, Lagos consistently has higher levels of these trace gases.