Maternal Linoleic Acid Overconsumption Alters Offspring Gut and Adipose Tissue Homeostasis in Young but Not Older Adult Rats

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 12; no. 11; p. 3451
• Main Authors: Marchix, Justine, Alain, Charlène, David-Le Gall, Sandrine, Acuña-Amador, Luis Alberto, Druart, Céline, Delzenne, Nathalie M, Barloy-Hubler, Frédérique, Legrand, Philippe, Boudry, Gaëlle
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 11-11-2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Adipose tissue; Adipose Tissue - metabolism; Adiposity; Animals; Body fat; Breastfeeding & lactation; Cecum; Composition; conjugated linoleic acids; Diet; Digestive system; Energy; Fatty acids; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology; Gene expression; Gestation; gut microbiota; gut permeability; Homeostasis; Inflammation; Intestinal microflora; Intestine; Lactation; Life Sciences; Linoleic acid; Linoleic Acid - administration & dosage; Linoleic Acids, Conjugated - metabolism; Liver - metabolism; Male; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Metabolic disorders; Metabolic response; Metabolism; Metabolites; Microbiota; n-6 PUFA; Nutrient deficiency; Nutrition; Offspring; Oils & fats; Older people; Perinatal exposure; Physiology; Rats; Vegetable oils; Weaning; France; United States > US; adipose tissue; conjugated linoleic acids; gut permeability; gut microbiota; n-6 PUFA
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu12113451

Maternal
-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) consumption during gestation and lactation can predispose offspring to the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity later in life. However, the mechanisms underlying the potential programming effect of
-6 PUFA upon offspring physiology are not yet all established. Herein, we investigated the effects of maternal and weaning linoleic acid (LA)-rich diet interactions on gut intestinal and adipose tissue physiology in young (3-month-old) and older (6-month-old) adult offspring. Pregnant rats were fed a control diet (2% LA) or an LA-rich diet (12% LA) during gestation and lactation. At weaning, offspring were either maintained on the maternal diet or fed the other diet for 3 or 6 months. At 3 months of age, the maternal LA-diet favored low-grade inflammation and greater adiposity, while at 6 months of age, offspring intestinal barrier function, adipose tissue physiology and hepatic conjugated linoleic acids were strongly influenced by the weaning diet. The maternal LA-diet impacted offspring cecal microbiota diversity and composition at 3 months of age, but had only few remnant effects upon cecal microbiota composition at 6 months of age. Our study suggests that perinatal exposure to high LA levels induces a differential metabolic response to weaning diet exposure in adult life. This programming effect of a maternal LA-diet may be related to the alteration of offspring gut microbiota.