Electrophoretic Deposition of Calcium Phosphates on Carbon-Carbon Composite Implants: Morphology, Phase/Chemical Composition and Biological Reactions

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 25; no. 6; p. 3375
• Main Authors: Skriabin, Andrei S, Tsygankov, Petr A, Vesnin, Vladimir R, Shakurov, Alexey V, Skriabina, Elizaveta S, Sviridova, Irina K, Sergeeva, Natalia S, Kirsanova, Valentina A, Akhmedova, Suraya A, Zherdeva, Victoria V, Lukina, Yulia S, Bionyshev-Abramov, Leonid L
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-03-2024; MDPI
• Subjects: Animals; Atoms & subatomic particles; Bones; Calcium phosphate; Calcium Phosphates; Carbon - chemistry; Carbon fibers; carbon–carbon medical composites; Coated Materials, Biocompatible - chemistry; Dental implants; Diffraction; Durapatite - chemistry; electrophoretic deposition; Health aspects; hydroxyapatite coatings; Implants, Artificial; in vitro and in vivo tests; Mechanical properties; Mice; Morphology; Orthopedics; Plasma; Prostheses and Implants; Prosthesis; radiology studies; Scanning electron microscopy; Shear strength; Spectrum analysis; X-Ray Diffraction; X-rays; Massachusetts; Japan; Germany; Russia; in vitro and in vivo tests; carbon–carbon medical composites; electrophoretic deposition; radiology studies; hydroxyapatite coatings
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063375

Despite a long period of application of metal implants, carbon-carbon medical composites are also widely used for bone defect prosthesis in surgery, dentistry, and oncology. Such implants might demonstrate excellent mechanical properties, but their biocompatibility and integration efficiency into the host should be improved. As a method of enhancing, the electrophoretic deposition of fine-dispersed hydroxyapatite (HAp) on porous carbon substrates might be recommended. With electron microscopy, energy dispersion X-ray and Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, we found that the deposition and subsequent heat post-treatment (up to the temperature of 400 °C for 1 h) did not lead to any significant phase and chemical transformations of raw non-stoichometric HAp. The Ca/P ratio was ≈1.51 in the coatings. Their non-toxicity, cyto- and biocompatibility were confirmed by in vitro and in vivo studies and no adverse reactions and side effects had been detected in the test. The proposed coating and subsequent heat treatment procedures provided improved biological responses in terms of resorption and biocompatibility had been confirmed by histological, magnetic resonance and X-ray tomographic ex vivo studies on the resected implant-containing biopsy samples from the BDF1 mouse model. The obtained results are expected to be useful for modern medical material science and clinical applications.