Językowe środki ekspresji w historycznych inskrypcjach nagrobnych (na przykładzie polskich nekropolii katolickich Podola)

• Published in: Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia linguistica no. 57; pp. 103 - 120
• Main Author: Havryliuk, Olena
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: Polish
• Published: Lodz Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego 2023; Lodz University Press; University of Łódź
• Subjects: Applied Linguistics; Capitalization; Diminutives and augmentatives; Emotions; Epithets; Expressive function of language; History; Inscriptions; Polish language; Semantic fields; Theoretical Linguistics; Tombs; Ukraine; Catholic cemetery; Eastern Borderlands; Podolia; expressive function; grave inscription; linguistic and graphic means of expression
• ISSN: 0208-6077; 2450-0119
• DOI: 10.18778/0208-6077.57.07

The subject of the analyzes presented in the article are historical Polish grave inscriptions from the area of Podolia, i.e. the former Eastern Borderlands. As a text of culture and a linguistic message, inscriptions have features related to the specificity of a specific community of users. I analyzed the previously unexamined tombstone inscriptions preserved in necropolises located in Ukraine (from the districts: Сhmelnytsky, Zhytomyr, Vinnytsia), dating from the 19th and early 20th centuries. They are characteristic of the cultural and communication community, which in Podolia was distinguished by Polish origin and Catholicism. The inscriptions were collected through personal explor­tion. The analyzes focused on the expressive function of the inscription, which serves to express the emotions of the sender – founder. Exponents of emotions at the lexical level as well as graphic means subordinated to this function are described. Described, among others names from the semantic field of sadness, diminutives, metaphors euphemizing death, emotional epithets and apostrophes, as well as graphic means: exclamation marks, capital letters. The founder of the tombstone inscription presented the deceased posit­ively and created such an emotionally expressive, positive characterization by means of a repetitive set of lexical devices – both in historical examples of inscriptions from Poland and Ukraine (former Eastern Borderlands).