Leishmania seroprevalence in dogs: comparing shelter and domestic communities

Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a chronic, systemic, and often severe disease. The main causative agent of CanL is a protozoan parasite, Leishmania infantum, with phlebotomine sand flies acting as vectors. In Europe and other continents, L. infantum is also responsible for leishmaniosis in other anim...

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Published in:	Animals (Basel) Vol. 13; no. 14; p. 2352
Main Authors:	Afonso, Paulo, Coelho, Ana Cláudia, Quintas, Helder, Cardoso, Luís Miguel
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 19-07-2023 MDPI
Subjects:	Animal shelters Antibodies Antigens Disease prevention Dog Dogs Domestic Epidemiology Infections Leishmaniosis Portugal Protozoa Serology Shelter Portugal Europe domestic leishmaniosis shelter Portugal dog
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Abstract	Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a chronic, systemic, and often severe disease. The main causative agent of CanL is a protozoan parasite, Leishmania infantum, with phlebotomine sand flies acting as vectors. In Europe and other continents, L. infantum is also responsible for leishmaniosis in other animals, such as cats, horses, and humans. In Portugal, animal and human leishmaniosis is endemic, and high prevalence levels of infections and disease have been reported in dogs. There is a prejudice against stray animals and also those housed in shelters, assuming they have higher levels of infection with vector-borne pathogens, including L. infantum, when compared to domestic animals. In northeastern Portugal, serum samples were obtained from March to May 2022 in three shelters (n = 179) and thirteen veterinary clinics (n = 164), resulting in 343 dogs being analyzed for antibodies to Leishmania spp. by the direct agglutination test (DAT). The overall seroprevalence was 9.9%, with 15.2% seroprevalence in domestic dogs and 5.0% in the shelter ones (p = 0.003). The fact that shelter dogs had a lower seroprevalence could be explained by more regular veterinary care provided in shelters regarding preventive measures, including insecticides with an antifeeding effect, in comparison with domestic dogs. This work was supported by the projects UIDP/00772/2020 and LA/P/0059/2020, funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT).
AbstractList	Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a chronic, systemic, and often severe disease. The main causative agent of CanL is a protozoan parasite, Leishmania infantum, with phlebotomine sand flies acting as vectors. In Europe and other continents, L. infantum is also responsible for leishmaniosis in other animals, such as cats, horses, and humans. In Portugal, animal and human leishmaniosis is endemic, and high prevalence levels of infections and disease have been reported in dogs. There is a prejudice against stray animals and also those housed in shelters, assuming they have higher levels of infection with vector-borne pathogens, including L. infantum, when compared to domestic animals. In northeastern Portugal, serum samples were obtained from March to May 2022 in three shelters (n = 179) and thirteen veterinary clinics (n = 164), resulting in 343 dogs being analyzed for antibodies to Leishmania spp. by the direct agglutination test (DAT). The overall seroprevalence was 9.9%, with 15.2% seroprevalence in domestic dogs and 5.0% in the shelter ones (p = 0.003). The fact that shelter dogs had a lower seroprevalence could be explained by more regular veterinary care provided in shelters regarding preventive measures, including insecticides with an antifeeding effect, in comparison with domestic dogs. Simple SummaryShelter dogs are considered more susceptible to infection with Leishmania infantum than domestic dogs due to the living conditions they are subjected to. These two populations of dogs were compared in an area where leishmaniosis is endemic, and shelter dogs were found to be less infected than domestic dogs. Statistically significant differences were also found between age groups and clinical statuses. Monitoring, preventing, and treating canine leishmaniosis is crucial in reducing this zoonosis among animals and humans, under the scope of One Health.AbstractCanine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a chronic, systemic, and often severe disease. The main causative agent of CanL is a protozoan parasite, Leishmania infantum, with phlebotomine sand flies acting as vectors. In Europe and other continents, L. infantum is also responsible for leishmaniosis in other animals, such as cats, horses, and humans. In Portugal, animal and human leishmaniosis is endemic, and high prevalence levels of infections and disease have been reported in dogs. There is a prejudice against stray animals and also those housed in shelters, assuming they have higher levels of infection with vector-borne pathogens, including L. infantum, when compared to domestic animals. In northeastern Portugal, serum samples were obtained from March to May 2022 in three shelters (n = 179) and thirteen veterinary clinics (n = 164), resulting in 343 dogs being analyzed for antibodies to Leishmania spp. by the direct agglutination test (DAT). The overall seroprevalence was 9.9%, with 15.2% seroprevalence in domestic dogs and 5.0% in the shelter ones (p = 0.003). The fact that shelter dogs had a lower seroprevalence could be explained by more regular veterinary care provided in shelters regarding preventive measures, including insecticides with an antifeeding effect, in comparison with domestic dogs. Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a chronic, systemic, and often severe disease. The main causative agent of CanL is a protozoan parasite, Leishmania infantum, with phlebotomine sand flies acting as vectors. In Europe and other continents, L. infantum is also responsible for leishmaniosis in other animals, such as cats, horses, and humans. In Portugal, animal and human leishmaniosis is endemic, and high prevalence levels of infections and disease have been reported in dogs. There is a prejudice against stray animals and also those housed in shelters, assuming they have higher levels of infection with vector-borne pathogens, including L. infantum, when compared to domestic animals. In northeastern Portugal, serum samples were obtained from March to May 2022 in three shelters (n = 179) and thirteen veterinary clinics (n = 164), resulting in 343 dogs being analyzed for antibodies to Leishmania spp. by the direct agglutination test (DAT). The overall seroprevalence was 9.9%, with 15.2% seroprevalence in domestic dogs and 5.0% in the shelter ones (p = 0.003). The fact that shelter dogs had a lower seroprevalence could be explained by more regular veterinary care provided in shelters regarding preventive measures, including insecticides with an antifeeding effect, in comparison with domestic dogs. This work was supported by the projects UIDP/00772/2020 and LA/P/0059/2020, funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a chronic, systemic, and often severe disease. The main causative agent of CanL is a protozoan parasite, , with phlebotomine sand flies acting as vectors. In Europe and other continents, is also responsible for leishmaniosis in other animals, such as cats, horses, and humans. In Portugal, animal and human leishmaniosis is endemic, and high prevalence levels of infections and disease have been reported in dogs. There is a prejudice against stray animals and also those housed in shelters, assuming they have higher levels of infection with vector-borne pathogens, including , when compared to domestic animals. In northeastern Portugal, serum samples were obtained from March to May 2022 in three shelters ( = 179) and thirteen veterinary clinics ( = 164), resulting in 343 dogs being analyzed for antibodies to spp. by the direct agglutination test (DAT). The overall seroprevalence was 9.9%, with 15.2% seroprevalence in domestic dogs and 5.0% in the shelter ones ( = 0.003). The fact that shelter dogs had a lower seroprevalence could be explained by more regular veterinary care provided in shelters regarding preventive measures, including insecticides with an antifeeding effect, in comparison with domestic dogs.
Author	Quintas, Helder Afonso, Paulo Coelho, Ana Cláudia Cardoso, Luís Miguel
AuthorAffiliation	3 Agrarian School, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; helder5tas@ipb.pt 1 CECAV—Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; afonso.p@icloud.com (P.A.); lcardoso@utad.pt (L.C.) 5 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal 2 Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal 4 Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 CECAV—Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; afonso.p@icloud.com (P.A.); lcardoso@utad.pt (L.C.) – name: 5 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal – name: 3 Agrarian School, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; helder5tas@ipb.pt – name: 2 Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal – name: 4 Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Cites_doi	10.3201/eid1309.070101 10.1016/j.pt.2017.06.004 10.3390/microorganisms10112262 10.1016/S0304-4017(02)00268-6 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.10.015 10.3390/microorganisms9051101 10.1186/s13071-020-3989-3 10.1186/s13071-021-04973-2 10.1017/S003118201100148X 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.10.018 10.3201/eid1505.080969 10.3390/ani11092579 10.1186/s13071-022-05328-1 10.1111/tbed.14025 10.3389/fvets.2021.642287 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106492 10.1186/s13071-020-04385-8 10.1007/s00436-020-06973-0 10.1186/1756-3305-5-60 10.1016/j.pt.2012.08.007 10.3390/pathogens10030307 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.108930 10.2307/3283159 10.1051/parasite/2018001 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105749 10.1186/1756-3305-4-86 10.3390/vetsci8100236 10.1007/978-94-011-6472-6 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.04.028 10.1017/S0031182009991156 10.3201/eid2502.181481 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.06.012 10.1371/journal.pone.0244923 10.1186/s13071-022-05369-6 10.1186/s13071-020-3993-7 10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.06.003 10.1016/j.pt.2017.05.013 10.1186/s13071-015-0771-z 10.1038/s42003-022-03240-z 10.1186/s13071-018-3019-x 10.1007/s11356-020-08896-w
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Snippet	Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a chronic, systemic, and often severe disease. The main causative agent of CanL is a protozoan parasite, Leishmania infantum,... Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a chronic, systemic, and often severe disease. The main causative agent of CanL is a protozoan parasite, , with phlebotomine... Simple SummaryShelter dogs are considered more susceptible to infection with Leishmania infantum than domestic dogs due to the living conditions they are...
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SubjectTerms	Animal shelters Antibodies Antigens Disease prevention Dog Dogs Domestic Epidemiology Infections Leishmaniosis Portugal Protozoa Serology Shelter
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Title	Leishmania seroprevalence in dogs: comparing shelter and domestic communities
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