Sex differences in the behavioral responses of dogs exposed to human chemosignals of fear and happiness

• Published in: Animal cognition Vol. 24; no. 2; pp. 299 - 309
• Main Authors: D’Aniello, Biagio, Fierro, Barbara, Scandurra, Anna, Pinelli, Claudia, Aria, Massimo, Semin, Gün R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-03-2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animals; Behavior; Behavior, Animal; Behavioral Sciences; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Chemoreception; Dogs; Emotions; Exposure; Fear; Female; Females; Gender aspects; Gender differences; Happiness; Life Sciences; Male; Odor; Original Paper; Pheromones, Human; Psychology Research; Sex; Sex Characteristics; Sex differences; Sexual behavior; Zoology; Sex differences; Human chemosignals; Emotions; Dogs; Animal cognition
• ISSN: 1435-9448; 1435-9456
• DOI: 10.1007/s10071-021-01473-9

This research focuses on sex differences in the behavioral patterns of dogs when they are exposed to human chemosignals (sweat) produced in happy and fear contexts. No age, breed or apparatus-directed behavior differences were found. However, when exposed to fear chemosignals, dogs’ behavior towards their owners, and their stress signals lasted longer when compared to being exposed to happiness as well as control chemosignals. In the happy odor condition, females, in contrast to males, displayed a significantly higher interest to the stranger compared to their owner. In the fear condition, dogs spent more time with their owner compared to the stranger. Behaviors directed towards the door, indicative of exit interest, had a longer duration in the fear condition than the other two conditions. Female dogs revealed a significantly longer door-directed behavior in the fear condition compared to the control condition. Overall the data shows that the effect of exposure to human emotional chemosignals is not sex dependent for behaviors related to the apparatus, the owner or the stress behaviors; however, in the happiness condition, females showed a stronger tendency to interact with the stranger.