Reduced Training Is Associated With Increased Loss of BMD

• Published in: Journal of bone and mineral research Vol. 20; no. 6; pp. 906 - 912
• Main Authors: Valdimarsson, Örnólfur, Alborg, Henrik G, Düppe, Henrik, Nyquist, Fredrik, Karlsson, Magnus
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC John Wiley and Sons and The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) 01-06-2005; American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
• Subjects: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adolescent; Adult; Biological and medical sciences; BMD; Bone and Bones - physiology; Bone Density; Case-Control Studies; Clinical Medicine; Exercise; Female; femoral neck; Follow-Up Studies; follow‐up study; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; Klinisk medicin; Medical and Health Sciences; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Orthopedics; Ortopedi; physical activity; Physical Fitness; Puberty; Skeleton and joints; Soccer; soccer women; Sports; Sweden; Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports; Vertebrates: osteoarticular system, musculoskeletal system; Sweden; Femoral neck; Physical exercise; Physical training; Soccer; soccer women; follow-up study; physical activity; Osteoarticular system; Sport; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Follow up study; BMD; Female
• ISSN: 0884-0431; 1523-4681; 1523-4681
• DOI: 10.1359/JBMR.050107

This 8‐year controlled, follow‐up study in 66 Swedish soccer women evaluated the effect of training and reduced training on BMD. The players who retired during the follow‐up lost BMD in the femoral neck, whereas the controls did not.
Introduction: Physical activity during adolescence increases BMD, but whether the benefits are retained with reduced activity is controversial.
Materials and Methods: At baseline, DXA evaluated BMD in 48 active female soccer players with a mean age of 18.2 ± 4.4 (SD) years, in 18 former female soccer players with a mean age of 43.2 ± 6.2 years and retired for a mean of 9.4 ± 5.3 years, and in 64 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The soccer women were remeasured after a mean of 8.0 ± 0.3 years, when 35 of the players active at baseline had been retired for a mean of 5.3 ± 1.6 years.
Results and Conclusions: The players still active at follow‐up had a higher BMD at baseline than the matched controls in the femoral neck (FN; 1.13 ± 0.19 versus 1.00 ± 0.13 g/cm2; p = 0.02). The yearly gain in BMD during follow‐up was higher in the active players than in the controls in the leg (0.015 ± 0.006 versus 0.007 ± 0.012 g/cm2, p = 0.04). The soccer players who retired during follow‐up had a higher BMD at baseline than the matched controls in the FN (1.13 ± 0.13 versus 1.04 ± 0.13 g/cm2; p = 0.005). The players that retired during follow‐up lost BMD, whereas the controls gained BMD during the study period in the FN (−0.007 ± 0.01 versus 0.003 ± 0.02 g/cm2 yearly; p = 0.01). The soccer players already retired at baseline had higher BMD at study start than the matched controls in the leg (1.26 ± 0.09 versus 1.18 ± 0.10 g/cm2; p = 0.01). The former players who were retired at study start lost BMD, whereas the controls gained BMD during the study period in the trochanter (−0.006 ± 0.01 versus 0.004 ± 0.014 g/cm2 yearly; p = 0.01). This study shows that, in girls, intense exercise after puberty is associated with higher accrual of BMD, and decreased physical activity in both the short‐term and long‐term perspective is associated with higher BMD loss than in controls.