Seasonal variation in the incidence rate of tuberculous meningitis is associated with sunshine hours
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe complication of tuberculosis and occurs mainly during early childhood. The incidence rate of TBM varies with season, and serum vitamin D levels, which are dependent on sunlight, might play a role. We studied the association between TBM incidence rate and hour...
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| Published in: | Epidemiology and infection Vol. 141; no. 3; pp. 459 - 462 |
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| Main Authors: | , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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| Abstract | Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe complication of tuberculosis and occurs mainly during early childhood. The incidence rate of TBM varies with season, and serum vitamin D levels, which are dependent on sunlight, might play a role. We studied the association between TBM incidence rate and hours of sunshine in Cape Town, South Africa and found a significant association between the incidence rate of TBM and hours of sunshine 3 months earlier (incidence rate ratio per 100 sunshine hours 0·69, 95% confidence interval 0·54–0·88, P = 0·002). The association supports the hypothesis that vitamin D might play a role in the pathophysiology of TBM. Further prospective studies in which vitamin D status is measured are necessary to determine causality. |
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| AbstractList | Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe complication of tuberculosis and occurs mainly during early childhood. The incidence rate of TBM varies with season, and serum vitamin D levels, which are dependent on sunlight, might play a role. We studied the association between TBM incidence rate and hours of sunshine in Cape Town, South Africa and found a significant association between the incidence rate of TBM and hours of sunshine 3 months earlier (incidence rate ratio per 100 sunshine hours 0·69, 95% confidence interval 0·54–0·88,
P
= 0·002). The association supports the hypothesis that vitamin D might play a role in the pathophysiology of TBM. Further prospective studies in which vitamin D status is measured are necessary to determine causality. SUMMARY Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe complication of tuberculosis and occurs mainly during early childhood. The incidence rate of TBM varies with season, and serum vitamin D levels, which are dependent on sunlight, might play a role. We studied the association between TBM incidence rate and hours of sunshine in Cape Town, South Africa and found a significant association between the incidence rate of TBM and hours of sunshine 3 months earlier (incidence rate ratio per 100 sunshine hours 0·69, 95% confidence interval 0·54-0·88, P = 0·002). The association supports the hypothesis that vitamin D might play a role in the pathophysiology of TBM. Further prospective studies in which vitamin D status is measured are necessary to determine causality. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe complication of tuberculosis and occurs mainly during early childhood. The incidence rate of TBM varies with season, and serum vitamin D levels, which are dependent on sunlight, might play a role. We studied the association between TBM incidence rate and hours of sunshine in Cape Town, South Africa and found a significant association between the incidence rate of TBM and hours of sunshine 3 months earlier (incidence rate ratio per 100 sunshine hours 0·69, 95% confidence interval 0·54–0·88, P = 0·002). The association supports the hypothesis that vitamin D might play a role in the pathophysiology of TBM. Further prospective studies in which vitamin D status is measured are necessary to determine causality. Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe complication of tuberculosis and occurs mainly during early childhood. The incidence rate of TBM varies with season, and serum vitamin D levels, which are dependent on sunlight, might play a role. We studied the association between TBM incidence rate and hours of sunshine in Cape Town, South Africa and found a significant association between the incidence rate of TBM and hours of sunshine 3 months earlier (incidence rate ratio per 100 sunshine hours 0·69, 95% confidence interval 0·54-0·88, P = 0·002). The association supports the hypothesis that vitamin D might play a role in the pathophysiology of TBM. Further prospective studies in which vitamin D status is measured are necessary to determine causality. |
| Author | VAN FURTH, A. M. VISSER, D. H. SCHOEMAN, J. F. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Hospital , University of Stellenbosch , Cape Town , South Africa 1 Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases – Immunology and Rheumatology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases – Immunology and Rheumatology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands – name: 2 Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Hospital , University of Stellenbosch , Cape Town , South Africa |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: D. H. surname: VISSER fullname: VISSER, D. H. email: d.visser@vumc.nl organization: 1Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases – Immunology and Rheumatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands – sequence: 2 givenname: J. F. surname: SCHOEMAN fullname: SCHOEMAN, J. F. organization: 2Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa – sequence: 3 givenname: A. M. surname: VAN FURTH fullname: VAN FURTH, A. M. organization: 1Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases – Immunology and Rheumatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1542/peds.2008-1353 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04315.x 10.1016/S0041-3879(48)80033-4 10.1073/pnas.1111825108 10.1016/j.coi.2008.05.014 10.1002/jnr.490380212 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.03.004 10.1016/S0962-8479(96)90074-X 10.4103/0974-777X.77296 10.1136/jcp.2008.062877 10.1089/bfm.2008.9984 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2004.08.006 10.3201/eid1605.091693 |
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| Keywords | Central nervous system infections tuberculous meningitis tuberculosis Infection Tuberculosis Seasonal variation Central nervous system disease Bacteriosis Mycobacterial infection Epidemiology Incidence Tuberculous meningitis |
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| References | Martineau (9) 2011; 108 Haarburger (8) 2009; 62 Wagner, Taylor, Hollis (10) 2008; 3 Talat (5) 2010; 16 Armas (7) 2007; 57 Wallgren (2) 1948; 29 Schaaf (3) 1996; 77 Neveu (14) 1994; 38 Fares (4) 2011; 3 Eyles (13) 2005; 29 Liu, Modlin (11) 2008; 20 van Well (6) 2009; 123 Khoo (12) 2011; 164 S0950268812001045_ref8 S0950268812001045_ref9 S0950268812001045_ref4 S0950268812001045_ref5 S0950268812001045_ref6 S0950268812001045_ref7 S0950268812001045_ref12 S0950268812001045_ref1 S0950268812001045_ref11 S0950268812001045_ref14 S0950268812001045_ref2 S0950268812001045_ref3 S0950268812001045_ref13 S0950268812001045_ref10 |
| References_xml | – volume: 77 start-page: 43 year: 1996 end-page: 46 ident: 3 article-title: A decade of experience with Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture from children: a seasonal influence on incidence of childhood tuberculosis publication-title: Tubercle and Lung Disease contributor: fullname: Schaaf – volume: 29 start-page: 21 year: 2005 end-page: 30 ident: 13 article-title: Distribution of the vitamin D receptor and 1α-hydroxylase in human brain publication-title: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy contributor: fullname: Eyles – volume: 16 start-page: 853 year: 2010 end-page: 855 ident: 5 article-title: Vitamin D deficiency and tuberculosis progression publication-title: Emerging Infectious Diseases contributor: fullname: Talat – volume: 57 start-page: 588 year: 2007 end-page: 593 ident: 7 article-title: Ultraviolet-B radiation increases serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: the effect of UVB dose and skin color publication-title: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology contributor: fullname: Armas – volume: 38 start-page: 214 year: 1994 end-page: 220 ident: 14 article-title: Synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by rat brain macrophages in vitro publication-title: Journal of Neuroscience Research contributor: fullname: Neveu – volume: 20 start-page: 371 year: 2008 end-page: 376 ident: 11 article-title: Human macrophage host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis publication-title: Current Opinion in Immunology contributor: fullname: Modlin – volume: 62 start-page: 567 year: 2009 end-page: 569 ident: 8 article-title: Relationship between vitamin D, calcium and parathyroid hormone in Cape Town publication-title: Journal of Clinical Pathology contributor: fullname: Haarburger – volume: 29 start-page: 245 year: 1948 end-page: 251 ident: 2 article-title: The time-table of tuberculosis publication-title: Tubercle contributor: fullname: Wallgren – volume: 3 start-page: 46 year: 2011 end-page: 55 ident: 4 article-title: Seasonality of tuberculosis publication-title: Journal of Global Infectious Diseases contributor: fullname: Fares – volume: 3 start-page: 239 year: 2008 end-page: 250 ident: 10 article-title: Does vitamin D make the world go ‘round’? publication-title: Breastfeeding Medicine contributor: fullname: Hollis – volume: 108 start-page: 19013 year: 2011 end-page: 19017 ident: 9 article-title: Reciprocal seasonal variation in vitamin D status and tuberculosis notifications in Cape Town, South Africa publication-title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA contributor: fullname: Martineau – volume: 164 start-page: 72 year: 2011 end-page: 79 ident: 12 article-title: Regulation of cytokine responses by seasonality of vitamin D status in healthy individuals publication-title: Clinical & Experimental Immunology contributor: fullname: Khoo – volume: 123 start-page: e1 year: 2009 end-page: 8 ident: 6 article-title: Twenty years of pediatric tuberculous meningitis: a retrospective cohort study in the western cape of South Africa publication-title: Pediatrics contributor: fullname: van Well – ident: S0950268812001045_ref6 doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-1353 – ident: S0950268812001045_ref12 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04315.x – ident: S0950268812001045_ref2 doi: 10.1016/S0041-3879(48)80033-4 – ident: S0950268812001045_ref9 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1111825108 – ident: S0950268812001045_ref11 doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2008.05.014 – ident: S0950268812001045_ref14 doi: 10.1002/jnr.490380212 – ident: S0950268812001045_ref7 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.03.004 – ident: S0950268812001045_ref3 doi: 10.1016/S0962-8479(96)90074-X – ident: S0950268812001045_ref4 doi: 10.4103/0974-777X.77296 – ident: S0950268812001045_ref8 doi: 10.1136/jcp.2008.062877 – ident: S0950268812001045_ref1 – ident: S0950268812001045_ref10 doi: 10.1089/bfm.2008.9984 – ident: S0950268812001045_ref13 doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2004.08.006 – ident: S0950268812001045_ref5 doi: 10.3201/eid1605.091693 |
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| Snippet | Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe complication of tuberculosis and occurs mainly during early childhood. The incidence rate of TBM varies with season,... SUMMARY Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe complication of tuberculosis and occurs mainly during early childhood. The incidence rate of TBM varies with... |
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| SubjectTerms | Bacterial diseases Biological and medical sciences Child, Preschool Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Human bacterial diseases Humans Incidence Infant Infectious diseases Male Medical sciences Meningitis Microbiology Pathophysiology Radiation Retrospective Studies Sea level Seasons Short Report South Africa - epidemiology Sunlight Time Factors Tuberculosis Tuberculosis and atypical mycobacterial infections Tuberculosis, Meningeal - epidemiology Tuberculosis, Meningeal - etiology Vitamin D Vitamin D Deficiency - complications Vitamin deficiency Winter |
| Title | Seasonal variation in the incidence rate of tuberculous meningitis is associated with sunshine hours |
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