Role of Dendritic Cells in Viral Brain Infections

• Published in: Frontiers in immunology Vol. 13; no. 5; p. 862053
• Main Authors: Constant, Orianne, Maarifi, Ghizlane, Blanchet, Fabien P, Van de Perre, Philippe, Simonin, Yannick, Salinas, Sara
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers 22-04-2022; Frontiers Media S.A
• Subjects: Adaptive immunology; blood–brain barrier; blood–cerebrospinal barrier; Brain; Central Nervous System; dendritic cell; Dendritic Cells; Human health and pathology; Humans; Immunology; Infectious diseases; Innate immunity; Life Sciences; Microbiology and Parasitology; Myeloid Cells; Neurobiology; neuroinfections; neuroinflammation; Neurons and Cognition; viral infection; Virology; Virus Diseases; blood–brain barrier; blood–cerebrospinal barrier; viral infection; neuroinfections; neuroinflammation; dendritic cell
• ISSN: 1664-3224; 1664-3224
• DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.862053

To gain access to the brain, a so-called immune-privileged organ due to its physical separation from the blood stream, pathogens and particularly viruses have been selected throughout evolution for their use of specific mechanisms. They can enter the central nervous system through direct infection of nerves or cerebral barriers or through cell-mediated transport. Indeed, peripheral lymphoid and myeloid immune cells can interact with the blood-brain and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers and allow viral brain access using the "Trojan horse" mechanism. Among immune cells, at the frontier between innate and adaptive immune responses, dendritic cells (DCs) can be pathogen carriers, regulate or exacerbate antiviral responses and neuroinflammation, and therefore be involved in viral transmission and spread. In this review, we highlight an important contribution of DCs in the development and the consequences of viral brain infections.