A preliminary longitudinal study of the retinal nerve fiber layer in progressive multiple sclerosis

• Published in: Journal of neurology Vol. 257; no. 7; pp. 1083 - 1091
• Main Authors: Henderson, Andrew P. D., Trip, S. A., Schlottmann, P. G., Altmann, D. R., Garway-Heath, D. F., Plant, G. T., Miller, D. H.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01-07-2010; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Axons - pathology; Biological and medical sciences; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Macula Lutea - pathology; Macula Lutea - physiopathology; Male; Medical sciences; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Middle Aged; Multiple sclerosis; Multiple sclerosis and variants. Guillain barré syndrome and other inflammatory polyneuropathies. Leukoencephalitis; Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive - complications; Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive - pathology; Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive - physiopathology; Neurology; Neuroradiology; Neurosciences; Optics; Original Communication; Patients; Retina - pathology; Retina - physiopathology; Retinal Degeneration - etiology; Retinal Degeneration - pathology; Retinal Degeneration - physiopathology; Retinal Ganglion Cells - pathology; Tomography; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Wallerian Degeneration - etiology; Wallerian Degeneration - pathology; Wallerian Degeneration - physiopathology; United Kingdom > UK; Retina; Multiple sclerosis; Axonal loss; Optical coherence tomography; Eye; Visual system; Nervous system diseases; Central nervous system disease; Multiple layer; Nerve fiber; Inflammatory disease
• ISSN: 0340-5354; 1432-1459
• DOI: 10.1007/s00415-010-5467-x

Thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) of clinically unaffected eyes is seen in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). It is uncertain when this thinning occurs, and whether ongoing RNFL loss can be measured over time with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Using time-domain OCT, we studied 34 patients with progressive MS (16 primary progressive MS, 18 secondary progressive; 14 male; 20 female; mean age at study entry 51 years; median EDSS 6; mean disease duration at study entry 12 years) on two occasions with a median interval of 575 (range 411–895) days apart. Eighteen healthy controls (10 male; eight female; mean age at study entry 46 years) were also studied twice, with a median interval of 656 days (range 398–890). Compared to controls, the patients had significant decreases in the RNFL thickness and macular volume of their clinically unaffected eyes at study entry. No significant decrease in RNFL thickness was observed between baseline and follow-up in either patients or controls. Macular volume declined significantly in patients and controls, but there was no difference in this change between the two groups. The study findings suggest that time domain OCT detects little disease-related ongoing loss of retinal axons in progressive forms of MS and has limited use for monitoring potential neuroprotective therapies at this stage of disease. Further studies are needed using higher-resolution OCT systems and in larger groups of patients, to elucidate the timing and mechanism of RNFL loss that is observed in clinically unaffected nerves in MS.