Oral bone loss induced by mineral deficiency in a rat model: Effect of a synthetic bone mineral (SBM) preparation

• Published in: Archives of oral biology Vol. 57; no. 9; pp. 1264 - 1273
• Main Authors: Mijares, Dindo, Kulkarni, Anupama, Lewis, Kanthi, Yao, Fang, Xi, Qing, Tannous, Samar, Dias, Renata, LeGeros, Racquel Z
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01-09-2012
• Subjects: Advanced Basic Science; Alveolar Bone Loss - diagnostic imaging; Alveolar Bone Loss - drug therapy; Alveolar Bone Loss - etiology; Animals; Apatites - therapeutic use; Bone Density - drug effects; Bone Density Conservation Agents - therapeutic use; Calcium Carbonate - therapeutic use; Calcium phosphate; Calcium Phosphates - therapeutic use; Carbonates - therapeutic use; Chlorides - therapeutic use; Deficiency Diseases - complications; Dentistry; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fluoride; Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods; Magnesium; Magnesium Chloride - therapeutic use; Mandibular Diseases - diagnostic imaging; Mandibular Diseases - drug therapy; Mandibular Diseases - etiology; Microradiography; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Minerals; Oral bone; Osteoporosis - etiology; Potassium - therapeutic use; Radiography, Panoramic; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Fluoride - therapeutic use; X-Ray Microtomography - methods; Zinc; Zinc Compounds - therapeutic use; Calcium phosphate; Fluoride; Magnesium; Oral bone; Zinc
• ISSN: 0003-9969; 1879-1506
• DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.02.021

Abstract Osteoporosis affects the craniofacial and oral structures and has been associated with periodontal bone loss, tooth loss and reduced jaw bone mass. Objective This study aimed to test the therapeutic efficacy of synthetic bone mineral (SBM) in minimizing alveolar bone loss induced by mineral deficiency in a rat model. SBM consists of a calcium carbonate apatite (similar to bone apatite) matrix incorporating magnesium, zinc, and fluoride ions. Design Thirty female Sprague Dawley rats (2 months old) were randomly distributed into 3 groups (10 rats per group): GA (control), on basic diet; GB, on mineral deficient (MD) diet; and GC, on MD + SBM. The rats were sacrificed after 3 months, the jawbones were isolated and the soft tissues removed. Bone density was determined using X-ray radiography (Faxitron); mandibular cortical width, panoramic mandibular index, and alveolar resorption degree (M/M ratio) using BioquantOsteo; and bone micro-architecture micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. Results Compared to control (GA), the rats on MD diet (GB) experienced significant mandibular bone loss while the rats on MD + SBM diet (GC) experienced significantly less bone loss compared to the GB group. Conclusion SBM, administered orally, may have the potential as an osteoporosis therapeutic agent in minimizing or preventing alveolar bone loss induced by mineral deficiency.