Infertility diagnosis and management

• Published in: Beni-Suef University journal of basic and applied sciences Vol. 12; no. 1; pp. 81 - 20
• Main Author: Mansour, Hend Abd El-halim
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-12-2023; Springer Nature B.V; SpringerOpen
• Subjects: Cancer therapies; Causes of female and male infertility and “assisted reproductive technology” (ART) for infertility; Cervix; Chemotherapy; Cocaine; Consanguinity; Couples; Cystic fibrosis; Decision making; Diagnosis; Drugs; Endocrine disruptors; Endometriosis; Fallopian tubes; Females; Fertility; Fibroids; Hyperprolactinemia; Hypogonadism; In vitro fertilization; Infections; Infertility; Inflammatory diseases; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Motility; Ovaries; Ovulation; Pelvic inflammatory disease; Polycystic ovary syndrome; Pregnancy; Psychological stress; Reproductive system; Reproductive technologies; Review; Semen; Sperm; Surgery; Testes; Thyroid gland; Uterus; Vasectomy; Womens health; Infertility; Causes of female and male infertility and “assisted reproductive technology” (ART) for infertility
• ISSN: 2314-8543; 2314-8535; 2314-8543
• DOI: 10.1186/s43088-023-00416-2

Background
One of the most stressful problems for married couples is infertility, which is a widespread health issue. It has been defined as a profound life-changing problem that comes with severe psychological stress despite the fact that it is not fatal. The rate of infertility among couples is gradually rising due to postponing childbearing, which is brought on by several social and economic causes.
Main body
Depending on the cause, the length of the couple’s struggle, and the ages of the partners, infertility can be treated medically, surgically, or with modern reproductive assistance (in vitro fertilisation, intrauterine insemination, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and nanotechnology). Fertility issues can be a stressful circumstance in a person’s life with serious psychological repercussions. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hyperprolactinemia, ciliary disorders, cystic fibrosis, infections, systemic diseases, and diseases connected to lifestyle are the factors that impair fertility in both sexes. Female infertility may be caused by premature ovarian insufficiency, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Testicular and post-testicular deficits can cause male infertility. Other potential contributing factors include consanguinity, endocrine disrupting substances, and the observed semen reduction throughout time.
Conclusion
One in eight females between the ages of 15 and 49 receives assistance with conception. Although success rates vary by age and diagnosis, many couples receiving treatment for infertility can achieve their fertility objectives with the help of a precise diagnosis, efficient therapy, and shared decision-making. The term “assisted reproductive technology” can facilitate egg fertilisation and aid implantation of the fertilised egg in the uterine lining.