Minority Health Social Vulnerability Index and COVID-19 vaccination coverage — The United States, December 14, 2020–January 31, 2022

• Published in: Vaccine Vol. 41; no. 12; pp. 1943 - 1950
• Main Authors: Saelee, Ryan, Chandra Murthy, Neil, Patel Murthy, Bhavini, Zell, Elizabeth, Shaw, Lauren, Gibbs-Scharf, Lynn, Harris, LaTreace, Shaw, Kate M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 17-03-2023; Elsevier Limited; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; COVID-19; COVID-19 - prevention & control; COVID-19 Vaccines; Health care; Health care access; Humans; Immunization; Indicators; Medical electronics; Minority & ethnic groups; Minority Health; Mobile homes; Poverty; Primary care; Social Vulnerability; Socioeconomic factors; United States - epidemiology; Vaccination; Vaccination Coverage; Vaccine uptake; United States; United States > US; California; COVID-19 vaccines; Vaccine uptake; Vaccination coverage; Social vulnerability; Minority health
• ISSN: 0264-410X; 1873-2518
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.022

In 2021, HHS Office of Minority Health and CDC developed a composite measure of social vulnerability called the Minority Health Social Vulnerability Index (MHSVI) to assess the needs of communities most vulnerable to COVID-19. The MHSVI extends the CDC Social Vulnerability Index with two new themes on healthcare access and medical vulnerability. This analysis examines COVID-19 vaccination coverage by social vulnerability using the MHSVI.
County-level COVID-19 vaccine administration data among persons aged ≥18 years reported to CDC from 12/14/20 to 01/31/22 were analyzed. U.S. counties from 50 states and DC were categorized into tertiles of vulnerability (low, moderate, and high) for the composite MHSVI measure and each of the 34 indicators. Vaccination coverage (≥1 dose, primary series completion, and receipt of a booster dose) was calculated by tertiles for the composite MHSVI measure and each indicator.
Counties with lower per capita income, higher proportion of individuals with no high school diploma, living below poverty, ≥65 years of age, with a disability, and in mobile homes had lower vaccination uptake. However, counties with larger proportions of racial/ethnic minorities and individuals speaking English less than “very well” had higher coverage. Counties with fewer primary care physicians and greater medical vulnerabilities had lower ≥ 1 dose vaccination coverage. Furthermore, counties of high vulnerability had lower primary series completion and receipt of a booster dose. There were no clear patterns in COVID-19 vaccination coverage by tertiles for the composite measure.
Results from the new components in the MHSVI identify needs to prioritize persons in counties with greater medical vulnerabilities and limited access to health care, who are at greater risk for adverse COVID-19 outcomes. Findings suggest that using a composite measure to characterize social vulnerability might mask disparities in COVID-19 vaccination uptake that would have otherwise been observed using specific indicators.