Floral scents in butterfly-pollinated plants: possible convergence in chemical composition
The study explores whether or not there are convergent patterns in floral scent composition among plant species that completely or partially rely on butterflies for pollination. Floral scent compounds were analysed from 22 flowering butterfly‐pollinated plant species, representing 13 families which...
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| Published in: | Botanical journal of the Linnean Society Vol. 140; no. 2; pp. 129 - 153 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Oxford, UK
Blackwell Science Ltd
01-10-2002
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| Abstract | The study explores whether or not there are convergent patterns in floral scent composition among plant species that completely or partially rely on butterflies for pollination. Floral scent compounds were analysed from 22 flowering butterfly‐pollinated plant species, representing 13 families which originate mainly from temperate North Europe but also from tropical and temperate America. Scents were collected using the dynamic headspace adsorption method and identified with coupled gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). In total, 217 floral scent compounds were identified, with the number per species ranging from 8 to 65. The major emerging pattern is the occurrence of certain compounds emitted exclusively by the flowers of many of the investigated species in major amounts – the benzenoids phenylacetaldehyde and 2‐phenylethanol, the monoterpenes linalool and linalool oxide (furanoid) I and II and the irregular terpene oxoisophorone. It is likely that these compounds serve as a signal to attract pollinating butterflies, and may have evolved in conjunction with the sensory capabilities of butterflies as a specific group of pollinators. While there is convergence in terms of the compounds sharing this function there has been a geographical divergence in terms of their relative abundance. The predominance (in terms of both numbers and relative amount) of benzenoids in many of the scent blends of the European temperate species and of linalool and its derivatives in those of the American species constitute two discernible groups among these plants. © 2002. The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2002, 140, 129–153. |
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| AbstractList | The study explores whether or not there are convergent patterns in floral scent composition among plant species that completely or partially rely on butterflies for pollination. Floral scent compounds were analysed from 22 flowering butterfly-pollinated plant species, representing 13 families which originate mainly from temperate North Europe but also from tropical and temperate America. Scents were collected using the dynamic headspace adsorption method and identified with coupled gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 217 floral scent compounds were identified, with the number per species ranging from 8 to 65. The major emerging pattern is the occurrence of certain compounds emitted exclusively by the flowers of many of the investigated species in major amounts - the benzenoids phenylacetaldehyde and 2-phenylethanol, the monoterpenes linalool and linalool oxide (furanoid) I and II and the irregular terpene oxoisophorone. It is likely that these compounds serve as a signal to attract pollinating butterflies, and may have evolved in conjunction with the sensory capabilities of butterflies as a specific group of pollinators. While there is convergence in terms of the compounds sharing this function there has been a geographical divergence in terms of their relative abundance. The predominance (in terms of both numbers and relative amount) of benzenoids in many of the scent blends of the European temperate species and of linalool and its derivatives in those of the American species constitute two discernible groups among these plants. The study explores whether or not there are convergent patterns in floral scent composition among plant species that completely or partially rely on butterflies for pollination. Floral scent compounds were analysed from 22 flowering butterfly‐pollinated plant species, representing 13 families which originate mainly from temperate North Europe but also from tropical and temperate America. Scents were collected using the dynamic headspace adsorption method and identified with coupled gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). In total, 217 floral scent compounds were identified, with the number per species ranging from 8 to 65. The major emerging pattern is the occurrence of certain compounds emitted exclusively by the flowers of many of the investigated species in major amounts – the benzenoids phenylacetaldehyde and 2‐phenylethanol, the monoterpenes linalool and linalool oxide (furanoid) I and II and the irregular terpene oxoisophorone. It is likely that these compounds serve as a signal to attract pollinating butterflies, and may have evolved in conjunction with the sensory capabilities of butterflies as a specific group of pollinators. While there is convergence in terms of the compounds sharing this function there has been a geographical divergence in terms of their relative abundance. The predominance (in terms of both numbers and relative amount) of benzenoids in many of the scent blends of the European temperate species and of linalool and its derivatives in those of the American species constitute two discernible groups among these plants. © 2002. The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2002, 140, 129–153. |
| Author | ANDERSSON, SUSANNA GROTH, INGA NILSSON, L.A. ANDERS BERGSTRÖM, GUNNAR |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: SUSANNA surname: ANDERSSON fullname: ANDERSSON, SUSANNA email: sandersson@ice.mpg.de organization: Max-Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Winzerlaer str. 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: L.A. ANDERS surname: NILSSON fullname: NILSSON, L.A. ANDERS organization: Department of Plant Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC), Uppsala University, Villavägen 14, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden – sequence: 3 givenname: INGA surname: GROTH fullname: GROTH, INGA organization: Chemical Ecology, Botanical Institute, Göteborg University, Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden – sequence: 4 givenname: GUNNAR surname: BERGSTRÖM fullname: BERGSTRÖM, GUNNAR organization: Chemical Ecology, Botanical Institute, Göteborg University, Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden |
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Ecological Entomology 18: 315-320. 1984; 63 1991; 354 1949; 3 1986; 35 1989; 110 1898 1975 1999; 85 1970; 1 1955; 40 1979 1994; 20 1995; 20 1992; 7 1968; 13 1979; 67 1989; 76 2000; 15 1997; 53 1956; 43 1991; 83 1999; 14 1986 1983 1992; 86 1980; 101 1989 1990; 173 1988; 43c 1989; 2 1980; 26 1990; 36 1982; 70 1978; 99 1995; 119 1989; 9 1997; 23 1954 1994; 88 1996 1994 1928; 8 1993 1992 1983; 70 1972; 69 1976; 8 1995; 6 1961; 15 1993; 187 1995; 194 1998; 24 1993; 342 1988; 2 1993; 13 1993; 19 1993; 18 1986; 127 1983; 164 1986; 68 1965 1980; 6 1975; 24 1996; 41 2000; 186 2000; 222 1881 1992; 21 1993; 113 1992; 62 1993; 111 ( key 20170517043043_b2) 1989; 76 ( key 20170517043043_b4) 1992 ( key 20170517043043_b25) 1992; 21 ( key 20170517043043_b45) 1994; 88 ( key 20170517043043_b14) 1999; 14 ( key 20170517043043_b32) 1980; 101 ( key 20170517043043_b39) 1999; 85 ( key 20170517043043_b55) 1986; 35 ( key 20170517043043_b17) 1979 ( key 20170517043043_b37) 1986 ( key 20170517043043_b46) 1989; 110 ( key 20170517043043_b38) 1993 ( key 20170517043043_b15) 1978; 99 ( key 20170517043043_b10) 1955; 40 ( key 20170517043043_b33) 1984; 63 ( key 20170517043043_b35) 1994 ( key 20170517043043_b12) 1980; 26 ( key 20170517043043_b8) 1983; 70 ( key 20170517043043_b16) 1993; 111 ( key 20170517043043_b63) 1976; 8 ( key 20170517043043_b34) 1988; 2 ( key 20170517043043_b70) 1993; 13 ( key 20170517043043_b5) 1976; 8 ( key 20170517043043_b77) 1995; 20 ( key 20170517043043_b51) 1881 ( key 20170517043043_b20) 1972; 69 ( key 20170517043043_b31) 1956; 43 ( key 20170517043043_b49) 1994 ( key 20170517043043_b56) 1990; 173 ( key 20170517043043_b3) 1968; 13 ( key 20170517043043_b13) 2000; 222 ( key 20170517043043_b80) 1992; 7 ( key 20170517043043_b24) 1995; 6 ( key 20170517043043_b43) 1982; 70 ( key 20170517043043_b76) 1991; 354 ( key 20170517043043_b6) 1995; 6 ( key 20170517043043_b61) 1995; 194 ( key 20170517043043_b52) 1992; 7 ( key 20170517043043_b74) 1954 ( key 20170517043043_b29) 1994; 20 ( key 20170517043043_b65) 1993; 342 ( key 20170517043043_b59) 1975 ( key 20170517043043_b41) 1995; 119 ( key 20170517043043_b19) 1983 ( key 20170517043043_b75) 1986; 127 ( key 20170517043043_b48) 1991; 83 ( key 20170517043043_b11) 1979; 67 ( key 20170517043043_b44) 1992; 86 ( key 20170517043043_b58) 1961; 15 ( key 20170517043043_b66) 1988; 43c ( key 20170517043043_b7) 1993; 19 ( key 20170517043043_b53) 1986; 68 ( key 20170517043043_b79) 1983; 164 ( key 20170517043043_b60) 1996 ( key 20170517043043_b71) 1989; 9 ( key 20170517043043_b9) 1996; 41 ( key 20170517043043_b28) 1998; 24 ( key 20170517043043_b26) 2000; 186 ( key 20170517043043_b67) 1992 ( key 20170517043043_b30) 1928; 8 ( key 20170517043043_b54) 1992; 7 ( key 20170517043043_b42) 1898 ( key 20170517043043_b57) 1993; 18 ( key 20170517043043_b68) 1970; 1 ( key 20170517043043_b18) 1989; 2 ( key 20170517043043_b1) 1989 ( key 20170517043043_b21) 1993; 18 ( key 20170517043043_b73) 1989 ( key 20170517043043_b23) 1965 ( key 20170517043043_b22) 1949; 3 ( key 20170517043043_b47) 1992; 62 ( key 20170517043043_b50) 1993; 13 ( key 20170517043043_b69) 1975; 24 ( key 20170517043043_b62) 1993; 187 ( key 20170517043043_b27) 1980; 6 ( key 20170517043043_b78) 1997; 53 ( key 20170517043043_b72) 1990; 36 ( key 20170517043043_b40) 1993; 113 ( key 20170517043043_b36) 2000; 15 ( key 20170517043043_b64) 1997; 23 |
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| Title | Floral scents in butterfly-pollinated plants: possible convergence in chemical composition |
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