The effects of health-related food taxes on the environmental impact of consumer food purchases: secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial in a virtual supermarket

To measure the effects of health-related food taxes on the environmental impact of consumer food purchases in a virtual supermarket. This is a secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial in which participants were randomly assigned to a control condition with regular food prices (...

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Published in:	Public health nutrition Vol. 27; no. 1; p. e37
Main Authors:	Eykelenboom, Michelle, Mersch, Derek, Grasso, Alessandra C, Vellinga, Reina E, Temme, Elisabeth HM, Steenhuis, Ingrid HM, Olthof, Margreet R
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 15-01-2024
Subjects:	Adult Beverages Carbon dioxide Commerce Consumer Behavior Data analysis Emissions Environmental impact Environmental indicators Food Food policy Food prices Foods, Specialized Greenhouse gases Health care Households Humans Indicators Land use Meat Milk Nutri-Score Nutrients Prices Public health Public Policies Regression analysis Research Paper Secondary analysis Shopping Soft drink industry Sugar-sweetened beverage tax Supermarkets Sustainability Sustainable development Taxes Three dimensional analysis Water Water use Netherlands Nutri-Score Food policy Environmental impact Sugar-sweetened beverage tax Sustainability
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Abstract	To measure the effects of health-related food taxes on the environmental impact of consumer food purchases in a virtual supermarket. This is a secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial in which participants were randomly assigned to a control condition with regular food prices ( 152), an experimental condition with a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax ( 131) or an experimental condition with a nutrient profiling tax based on Nutri-Score ( 112). Participants were instructed to undertake their typical weekly grocery shopping for their households. Primary outcome measures were three environmental impact indicators: greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, land use and blue water use per household per week. Data were analysed using linear regression analyses. Three-dimensional virtual supermarket. Dutch adults (≥ 18 years) who were responsible for grocery shopping in their household ( 395). GHG emissions (-7·6 kg CO -eq; 95 % CI -12·7, -2·5) and land use (-3·9 m /year; 95 % CI -7·7, -0·2) were lower for the food purchases of participants in the nutrient profiling tax condition than for those in the control condition. Blue water use was not affected by the nutrient profiling tax. Moreover, the SSB tax had no significant effect on any of the environmental impact indicators. A nutrient profiling tax based on Nutri-Score reduced the environmental impact of consumer food purchases. An SSB tax did not affect the environmental impact in this study.
AbstractList	Abstract Objective: To measure the effects of health-related food taxes on the environmental impact of consumer food purchases in a virtual supermarket. Design: This is a secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial in which participants were randomly assigned to a control condition with regular food prices (n 152), an experimental condition with a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax (n 131) or an experimental condition with a nutrient profiling tax based on Nutri-Score (n 112). Participants were instructed to undertake their typical weekly grocery shopping for their households. Primary outcome measures were three environmental impact indicators: greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, land use and blue water use per household per week. Data were analysed using linear regression analyses. Setting: Three-dimensional virtual supermarket. Participants: Dutch adults (≥ 18 years) who were responsible for grocery shopping in their household (n 395). Results: GHG emissions (–7·6 kg CO2-eq; 95 % CI –12·7, –2·5) and land use (–3·9 m2/year; 95 % CI –7·7, –0·2) were lower for the food purchases of participants in the nutrient profiling tax condition than for those in the control condition. Blue water use was not affected by the nutrient profiling tax. Moreover, the SSB tax had no significant effect on any of the environmental impact indicators. Conclusions: A nutrient profiling tax based on Nutri-Score reduced the environmental impact of consumer food purchases. An SSB tax did not affect the environmental impact in this study. To measure the effects of health-related food taxes on the environmental impact of consumer food purchases in a virtual supermarket. This is a secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial in which participants were randomly assigned to a control condition with regular food prices ( 152), an experimental condition with a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax ( 131) or an experimental condition with a nutrient profiling tax based on Nutri-Score ( 112). Participants were instructed to undertake their typical weekly grocery shopping for their households. Primary outcome measures were three environmental impact indicators: greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, land use and blue water use per household per week. Data were analysed using linear regression analyses. Three-dimensional virtual supermarket. Dutch adults (≥ 18 years) who were responsible for grocery shopping in their household ( 395). GHG emissions (-7·6 kg CO -eq; 95 % CI -12·7, -2·5) and land use (-3·9 m /year; 95 % CI -7·7, -0·2) were lower for the food purchases of participants in the nutrient profiling tax condition than for those in the control condition. Blue water use was not affected by the nutrient profiling tax. Moreover, the SSB tax had no significant effect on any of the environmental impact indicators. A nutrient profiling tax based on Nutri-Score reduced the environmental impact of consumer food purchases. An SSB tax did not affect the environmental impact in this study. Objective:To measure the effects of health-related food taxes on the environmental impact of consumer food purchases in a virtual supermarket.Design:This is a secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial in which participants were randomly assigned to a control condition with regular food prices (n 152), an experimental condition with a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax (n 131) or an experimental condition with a nutrient profiling tax based on Nutri-Score (n 112). Participants were instructed to undertake their typical weekly grocery shopping for their households. Primary outcome measures were three environmental impact indicators: greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, land use and blue water use per household per week. Data were analysed using linear regression analyses.Setting:Three-dimensional virtual supermarket.Participants:Dutch adults (≥ 18 years) who were responsible for grocery shopping in their household (n 395).Results:GHG emissions (–7·6 kg CO2-eq; 95 % CI –12·7, –2·5) and land use (–3·9 m2/year; 95 % CI –7·7, –0·2) were lower for the food purchases of participants in the nutrient profiling tax condition than for those in the control condition. Blue water use was not affected by the nutrient profiling tax. Moreover, the SSB tax had no significant effect on any of the environmental impact indicators.Conclusions:A nutrient profiling tax based on Nutri-Score reduced the environmental impact of consumer food purchases. An SSB tax did not affect the environmental impact in this study. OBJECTIVETo measure the effects of health-related food taxes on the environmental impact of consumer food purchases in a virtual supermarket.DESIGNThis is a secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial in which participants were randomly assigned to a control condition with regular food prices (n 152), an experimental condition with a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax (n 131) or an experimental condition with a nutrient profiling tax based on Nutri-Score (n 112). Participants were instructed to undertake their typical weekly grocery shopping for their households. Primary outcome measures were three environmental impact indicators: greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, land use and blue water use per household per week. Data were analysed using linear regression analyses.SETTINGThree-dimensional virtual supermarket.PARTICIPANTSDutch adults (≥ 18 years) who were responsible for grocery shopping in their household (n 395).RESULTSGHG emissions (-7·6 kg CO2-eq; 95 % CI -12·7, -2·5) and land use (-3·9 m2/year; 95 % CI -7·7, -0·2) were lower for the food purchases of participants in the nutrient profiling tax condition than for those in the control condition. Blue water use was not affected by the nutrient profiling tax. Moreover, the SSB tax had no significant effect on any of the environmental impact indicators.CONCLUSIONSA nutrient profiling tax based on Nutri-Score reduced the environmental impact of consumer food purchases. An SSB tax did not affect the environmental impact in this study.
ArticleNumber	e37
Author	Grasso, Alessandra C Mersch, Derek Olthof, Margreet R Temme, Elisabeth HM Vellinga, Reina E Steenhuis, Ingrid HM Eykelenboom, Michelle
AuthorAffiliation	1 Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute , De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands 2 Centre for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 2 Centre for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands – name: 1 Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute , De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Michelle surname: Eykelenboom fullname: Eykelenboom, Michelle organization: 1Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands – sequence: 2 givenname: Derek surname: Mersch fullname: Mersch, Derek organization: 1Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands – sequence: 3 givenname: Alessandra C surname: Grasso fullname: Grasso, Alessandra C organization: 1Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands – sequence: 4 givenname: Reina E surname: Vellinga fullname: Vellinga, Reina E organization: 2Centre for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands – sequence: 5 givenname: Elisabeth HM surname: Temme fullname: Temme, Elisabeth HM organization: 2Centre for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands – sequence: 6 givenname: Ingrid HM surname: Steenhuis fullname: Steenhuis, Ingrid HM organization: 1Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands – sequence: 7 givenname: Margreet R surname: Olthof fullname: Olthof, Margreet R email: margreet.olthof@vu.nl organization: 1Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Snippet	To measure the effects of health-related food taxes on the environmental impact of consumer food purchases in a virtual supermarket. This is a secondary... Objective:To measure the effects of health-related food taxes on the environmental impact of consumer food purchases in a virtual supermarket.Design:This is a... OBJECTIVETo measure the effects of health-related food taxes on the environmental impact of consumer food purchases in a virtual supermarket.DESIGNThis is a... Abstract Objective: To measure the effects of health-related food taxes on the environmental impact of consumer food purchases in a virtual supermarket....
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SubjectTerms	Adult Beverages Carbon dioxide Commerce Consumer Behavior Data analysis Emissions Environmental impact Environmental indicators Food Food policy Food prices Foods, Specialized Greenhouse gases Health care Households Humans Indicators Land use Meat Milk Nutri-Score Nutrients Prices Public health Public Policies Regression analysis Research Paper Secondary analysis Shopping Soft drink industry Sugar-sweetened beverage tax Supermarkets Sustainability Sustainable development Taxes Three dimensional analysis Water Water use
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Title	The effects of health-related food taxes on the environmental impact of consumer food purchases: secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial in a virtual supermarket
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