Effects of Estradiol Therapy on Resting-State Functional Connectivity of Transgender Women After Gender-Affirming Related Gonadectomy
An extreme incongruence between sex and gender identity leads individuals with gender dysphoria (GD) to seek cross-sex hormone therapy (CSHT), and gender-affirming surgery (GAS). Although few studies have investigated the effects of CSHT on the brain prior to GAS, no studies in the extant literature...
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| Published in: | Frontiers in neuroscience Vol. 13; p. 817 |
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| Abstract | An extreme incongruence between sex and gender identity leads individuals with gender dysphoria (GD) to seek cross-sex hormone therapy (CSHT), and gender-affirming surgery (GAS). Although few studies have investigated the effects of CSHT on the brain prior to GAS, no studies in the extant literature have evaluated its impact during hypogonadism in post-GAS individuals. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of estradiol on resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) of the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) and basal ganglia following surgical hypogonadism. Eighteen post-GAS (male-to-female) participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and neuropsychiatric and hormonal assessment at two time points (t1, hormonal washout; t2, CSHT reintroduction). Based on the literature, the thalamus was selected as a seed, while the SMC and the dorsolateral striatum were targets for seed-based functional connectivity (sbFC). A second sbFC investigation consisted of a whole-brain voxel exploratory analysis again using the thalamus as a seed. A final complementary data-driven approach using multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) was conducted to identify a potential seed for further sbFC analyses. An increase in the rs-FC between the left thalamus and the left SCM/putamen followed CSHT. MVPA identified a cluster within the subcallosal cortex (SubCalC) representing the highest variation in peak activation between time points. Setting the SubCalC as a seed, whole-brain analysis showed a decoupling between the SubCalC and the medial frontal cortex during CSHT. These results indicate that CSHT with estradiol post-GAS, modulates rs-FC in regions engaged in cognitive, emotional, and sensorimotor processes. |
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| AbstractList | An extreme incongruence between sex and gender identity leads individuals with gender dysphoria (GD) to seek cross-sex hormone therapy (CSHT), and gender-affirming surgery (GAS). Although few studies have investigated the effects of CSHT on the brain prior to GAS, no studies in the extant literature have evaluated its impact during hypogonadism in post-GAS individuals. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of estradiol on resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) of the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) and basal ganglia following surgical hypogonadism. Eighteen post-GAS (male-to-female) participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and neuropsychiatric and hormonal assessment at two time points (t1, hormonal washout; t2, CSHT reintroduction). Based on the literature, the thalamus was selected as a seed, while the SMC and the dorsolateral striatum were targets for seed-based functional connectivity (sbFC). A second sbFC investigation consisted of a whole-brain voxel exploratory analysis again using the thalamus as a seed. A final complementary data-driven approach using multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) was conducted to identify a potential seed for further sbFC analyses. An increase in the rs-FC between the left thalamus and the left SCM/putamen followed CSHT. MVPA identified a cluster within the subcallosal cortex (SubCalC) representing the highest variation in peak activation between time points. Setting the SubCalC as a seed, whole-brain analysis showed a decoupling between the SubCalC and the medial frontal cortex during CSHT. These results indicate that CSHT with estradiol post-GAS, modulates rs-FC in regions engaged in cognitive, emotional, and sensorimotor processes. An extreme incongruence between sex and gender identity leads individuals with gender dysphoria (GD) to seek cross-sex hormone therapy (CSHT) and gender-affirming surgery (GAS). Although a few studies have investigated the effects of CSHT on the brain prior to GAS, there are no studies evaluating its impact during hypogonadism in post-GAS individuals. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of estradiol on resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) of the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) and basal ganglia following surgical hypogonadism. Eighteen post-GAS (male-to-female) volunteers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and neuropsychiatric and hormonal assessment at two time points (t1: hormonal washout and t2: CSHT reintroduction). Based on the literature, the thalamus was selected as a seed, while the SMC and the dorsolateral striatum were targets for seed-based functional connectivity (sbFC). A second sbFC investigation consisted of a whole-brain voxel exploratory analysis again using the thalamus as a seed. A final complementary data-driven approach using multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) was conducted to identify a potential seed for further sbFC analyses. An increase in the rs-FC between the left thalamus and the left SCM/putamen followed CSHT. MVPA identified a cluster within the subcallosal cortex (SubCalC) representing the highest variation in peak activation between time points. Setting the SubCalC as a seed, whole-brain analysis showed a decoupling between the SubCalC and the medial frontal cortex during CSHT. These results indicate that CSHT with estradiol post-GAS seems to modulate rs-FC in regions engaged in cognitive, emotional and sensorimotor processes. |
| Author | Spritzer, Poli M Minuzzi, Luciano Frey, Benicio N Costa, Ângelo B Castan, Juliana U Garcia, Cláudia C G Schneider, Maiko A Schwarz, Karine da Silva, Dhiordan C Cunegatto, Fernanda R Anes, Maurício Fighera, Tayane M Syan, Sabrina K Lobato, Maria I R Fontanari, Anna M V Real, André G |
| AuthorAffiliation | 12 Psychiatric and Forensic Medical Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil 10 Medical Physics and Radiation Protection Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil 2 Mood Disorders Program, Women’s Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton , Hamilton, ON , Canada 9 Post-Graduation Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grand do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil 3 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON , Canada 6 Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON , Canada 8 Graduate Program in Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil 11 Psychology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil 1 Gender Identity Program (PROTIG), Psychiatric Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil 4 Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Br |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 8 Graduate Program in Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil – name: 5 Division of Endocrinoloy, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil – name: 6 Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON , Canada – name: 12 Psychiatric and Forensic Medical Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil – name: 1 Gender Identity Program (PROTIG), Psychiatric Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil – name: 2 Mood Disorders Program, Women’s Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton , Hamilton, ON , Canada – name: 9 Post-Graduation Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grand do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil – name: 11 Psychology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil – name: 10 Medical Physics and Radiation Protection Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Brazil – name: 3 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON , Canada – name: 7 Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON , Canada – name: 4 Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Maiko A surname: Schneider fullname: Schneider, Maiko A organization: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada – sequence: 2 givenname: Poli M surname: Spritzer fullname: Spritzer, Poli M organization: Division of Endocrinoloy, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil – sequence: 3 givenname: Luciano surname: Minuzzi fullname: Minuzzi, Luciano organization: Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada – sequence: 4 givenname: Benicio N surname: Frey fullname: Frey, Benicio N organization: Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada – sequence: 5 givenname: Sabrina K surname: Syan fullname: Syan, Sabrina K organization: Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada – sequence: 6 givenname: Tayane M surname: Fighera fullname: Fighera, Tayane M organization: Division of Endocrinoloy, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil – sequence: 7 givenname: Karine surname: Schwarz fullname: Schwarz, Karine organization: Gender Identity Program (PROTIG), Psychiatric Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil – sequence: 8 givenname: Ângelo B surname: Costa fullname: Costa, Ângelo B organization: Graduate Program in Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil – sequence: 9 givenname: Dhiordan C surname: da Silva fullname: da Silva, Dhiordan C organization: Post-Graduation Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grand do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil – sequence: 10 givenname: Cláudia C G surname: Garcia fullname: Garcia, Cláudia C G organization: Post-Graduation Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grand do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil – sequence: 11 givenname: Anna M V surname: Fontanari fullname: Fontanari, Anna M V organization: Post-Graduation Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grand do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil – sequence: 12 givenname: André G surname: Real fullname: Real, André G organization: Post-Graduation Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grand do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil – sequence: 13 givenname: Maurício surname: Anes fullname: Anes, Maurício organization: Medical Physics and Radiation Protection Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil – sequence: 14 givenname: Juliana U surname: Castan fullname: Castan, Juliana U organization: Psychology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil – sequence: 15 givenname: Fernanda R surname: Cunegatto fullname: Cunegatto, Fernanda R organization: Psychology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil – sequence: 16 givenname: Maria I R surname: Lobato fullname: Lobato, Maria I R organization: Psychiatric and Forensic Medical Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil |
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| Copyright | 2019. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Copyright © 2019 Schneider, Spritzer, Minuzzi, Frey, Syan, Fighera, Schwarz, Costa, da Silva, Garcia, Fontanari, Real, Anes, Castan, Cunegatto and Lobato. 2019 Schneider, Spritzer, Minuzzi, Frey, Syan, Fighera, Schwarz, Costa, da Silva, Garcia, Fontanari, Real, Anes, Castan, Cunegatto and Lobato |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2019. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: Copyright © 2019 Schneider, Spritzer, Minuzzi, Frey, Syan, Fighera, Schwarz, Costa, da Silva, Garcia, Fontanari, Real, Anes, Castan, Cunegatto and Lobato. 2019 Schneider, Spritzer, Minuzzi, Frey, Syan, Fighera, Schwarz, Costa, da Silva, Garcia, Fontanari, Real, Anes, Castan, Cunegatto and Lobato |
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| Keywords | functional connectivity hypogonadism sensorimotor cortex putamen gender dysphoria estradiol thalamus |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Edited by: Manuel Tena-Sempere, Universidad de Córdoba, Spain This article was submitted to Neuroendocrine Science, a section of the journal Frontiers in Neuroscience Reviewed by: Alexander Comninos, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Ben Nephew, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, United States |
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| Title | Effects of Estradiol Therapy on Resting-State Functional Connectivity of Transgender Women After Gender-Affirming Related Gonadectomy |
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