Optimization of the Green Chemistry-like Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Grape ( Vitis labrusca L.) and Blackberry ( Rubus fruticosus L.) Seeds with Concomitant Biological and Antioxidant Activity Assessments

• Published in: Plants (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 14; p. 2618
• Main Authors: Junior, Tufy Kabbas, de Moura, Cristiane, Cruz, Thiago Mendanha, Marques, Mariza Boscacci, Carmo, Mariana Araújo Vieira do, Deolindo, Carolina Turnes Pasini, Daguer, Heitor, Azevedo, Luciana, Granato, Daniel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 11-07-2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Acids; Antioxidants; Berries; Bioactive compounds; bioactivity; Biocompatibility; Biological activity; Blackberries; blackberry; By products; Cancer; Cell viability; Chemical composition; Cytotoxicity; Degreasing; Erythrocytes; Ethanol; Flavonoids; Food; Fruits; functional food; grape; Grapes; Green chemistry; Hydrogen peroxide; Optimization; Phenolic compounds; Phenols; Rubus fruticosus; Seeds; Skin; Solvents; Toxicity; Vitis labrusca; phenolic compounds; functional food; grape; bioactivity; blackberry; seeds
• ISSN: 2223-7747; 2223-7747
• DOI: 10.3390/plants12142618

The objective of this work was to determine the phenolic composition, chemical and cellular antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity in human cells, and peroxidative inhibition of the defatted fraction of grape (
) and blackberry (
) seeds. Soxhlet extraction (Sox) was used to extract the fat and obtain the degreased material. A statistical optimization study was developed to maximize the extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity from defatted grape and blackberry seeds. Simultaneous optimization was applied with a combination of 35.9 min of extraction and a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1 g of defatted grape seed to 61.28 mL of an extracting solvent (60% ethanol) and 62.1 min of extraction and a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1 g of defatted blackberry seed to 64.1 mL of an extracting solvent (60% ethanol). In the cell viability assay, HepG2 cancer cells seemed more sensitive to grape and blackberry extracts, while Ea.hy926 hybrid cells showed more resistance to their effects. In general, the extracts presented low/no cytotoxicity, exhibited a protective effect against H
O
-induced ROS production, and demonstrated antioxidant activity and a protective effect on the erythrocytes when subjected to hypotonic and isotonic conditions not presenting hemolytic behavior (5.0 to 10.0 μg GAE/mL). Thus, the results provided a broad assessment of the bioactivity of the extracts obtained using a simple and low-cost process developed by employing non-toxic solvents and with the potential to be used in technological applications.