Physical principles of membrane remodelling during cell mechanoadaptation

• Published in: Nature communications Vol. 6; no. 1; p. 7292
• Main Authors: Kosmalska, Anita Joanna, Casares, Laura, Elosegui-Artola, Alberto, Thottacherry, Joseph Jose, Moreno-Vicente, Roberto, González-Tarragó, Víctor, del Pozo, Miguel Ángel, Mayor, Satyajit, Arroyo, Marino, Navajas, Daniel, Trepat, Xavier, Gauthier, Nils C., Roca-Cusachs, Pere
• Format: Journal Article Publication
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 15-06-2015; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Pub. Group
• Subjects: 13/109; 14/19; 631/57/2271; 631/57/2272/2275; 631/80/642; 92 Biology and other natural sciences; 92B Mathematical biology in general; Adaptation, Physiological - physiology; ALVEOLAR EPITHELIAL-CELLS; Animals; Biologia; Biomathematics; Cell Membrane - physiology; Cell Shape; Cell Size; Classificació AMS; DYNAMICS; Elasticity; EXOCYTOSIS; Fibroblasts - physiology; Humanities and Social Sciences; LIVING CELLS; Matemàtica aplicada a les ciències; Matemàtiques i estadística; Mice; MIGRATION; Models matemàtics; Models, Biological; Models, Theoretical; multidisciplinary; NEURONS; Osmolar Concentration; Physiology; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); SHAPE; STRESS; Stress, Mechanical; SURFACE-AREA REGULATION; TENSION; Àrees temàtiques de la UPC; Singapore; Spain
• ISSN: 2041-1723; 2041-1723
• DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8292

Biological processes in any physiological environment involve changes in cell shape, which must be accommodated by their physical envelope—the bilayer membrane. However, the fundamental biophysical principles by which the cell membrane allows for and responds to shape changes remain unclear. Here we show that the 3D remodelling of the membrane in response to a broad diversity of physiological perturbations can be explained by a purely mechanical process. This process is passive, local, almost instantaneous, before any active remodelling and generates different types of membrane invaginations that can repeatedly store and release large fractions of the cell membrane. We further demonstrate that the shape of those invaginations is determined by the minimum elastic and adhesive energy required to store both membrane area and liquid volume at the cell–substrate interface. Once formed, cells reabsorb the invaginations through an active process with duration of the order of minutes.
Variations in cell shape must be accommodated by the cell membrane, but how the membrane adjusts to changes in area and volume is not known. Here the authors show that the membrane responds in a nearly instantaneous, purely physical manner involving the flattening or generation of membrane invaginations.