Secondary traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression among emergency healthcare workers in the middle of the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study

• Published in: The American journal of emergency medicine Vol. 52; pp. 99 - 104
• Main Authors: İlhan, Buğra, Küpeli, İlke
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-02-2022; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Anxiety; Anxiety - etiology; Compassion Fatigue - etiology; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 - epidemiology; COVID-19 vaccines; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Depression - etiology; Emergency medical care; Emergency Service, Hospital; Epidemics; Female; Health care; Healthcare workers; Humans; Immunization; Job satisfaction; Living conditions; Male; Medical personnel; Mental depression; Mental health; Nurses; Pandemics; Patients; Personnel, Hospital - psychology; Prospective Studies; Psychosocial Support Systems; Questionnaires; Recreation; SARS-CoV-2; Secondary traumatic stress; Statistical analysis; Stress; Turkey - epidemiology; Vaccination; Young Adult; Turkey; COVID-19; Depression; Anxiety; Healthcare workers; Secondary traumatic stress
• ISSN: 0735-6757; 1532-8171
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.11.051

This study aims to determine the secondary traumatic stress (STS), anxiety, and depression levels of the emergency healthcare workers (HCWs) and to identify the factors associated with the mental health of the emergency HCWs.
This prospective cross-sectional study was performed between April 1 and May 1, 2021. Emergency nurses and auxiliary staff who gave informed consent were included in the study. Participants who answered the questions incompletely were excluded from the study. Demographic information, working and living conditions, STS, anxiety, depression scores, and coping strategies were recorded.
A total of 363 HCWs were included in the study. STS was detected in 261 (71.9%) of the participants, anxiety in 148 (40.8%), and depression in 203 (55.9%) participants. Vaccination against COVID-19 was not associated with STS, anxiety, and depression among emergency HCWs (p > 0.05). Having financial difficulties was the most important factor in the development of anxiety, depression, and STS (OR: 3.68 (95% CI 1.96–6.90), p < 0.001; OR: 4.36 (95% CI 2.52–7.53), p < 0.001; OR: 5.35 (95% CI 3.06–9.37), p < 0.001, respectively). We found significantly reduced levels of STS, anxiety, and depression among participants reporting coping strategies that engaging in hobbies, healthy nutrition, and reading books.
High levels of STS, anxiety, and depression were determined among emergency nurses and auxiliary staff during the pandemic. Poor job satisfaction and financial difficulties were associated with the mental health of emergency HCWs. The mental health of the emergency HCWs should be evaluated regularly. In addition to professional psychological support, social and financial support should be provided as well.