Distribution of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and Glucose Transporter-1 in Human Tongue Cancers

• Published in: Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery Vol. 73; no. 9; pp. 1753 - 1760
• Main Authors: Vasconcelos, Marcelo Gadelha, DDS, MSc, PhD, Vasconcelos, Rodrigo Gadelha, DDS, MSc, PhD, Pereira de Oliveira, Denise Hélen Imaculada, DDS, MSc, de Moura Santos, Edilmar, MSc, Pinto, Leão Pereira, DDS, MSc, PhD, da Silveira, Éricka Janine Dantas, DDS, MSc, PhD, Queiroz, Lélia Maria Guedes, DDS, MSc, PhD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-09-2015
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - metabolism; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - pathology; Dentistry; Female; Glucose Transporter Type 1 - metabolism; Humans; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit - metabolism; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Surgery; Tongue Neoplasms - metabolism; Tongue Neoplasms - pathology
• ISSN: 0278-2391; 1531-5053
• DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2015.03.013

Purpose Oral squamous cell carcinomas have the potential for rapid and unlimited growth. Therefore, hypoxic tissue areas are common in these malignant tumors and contribute to cancer progression, therapy resistance, and poor outcomes. The aim of the present study was to analyze the gene product distribution of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) in cases of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and to identify a preliminary correlation between these proteins and clinical staging and Brynes's histologic grading system (HGS). Materials and Methods The sample included 57 cases of TSCC. Histologic sections of 3 μm were submitted to the immunoperoxidase method and semiquantitative analysis. The association between HIF-1α and GLUT-1 expression in TSCC and the clinical stage and the HGS of Bryne (1998) was evaluated using the χ2 test, with the significance level set at 0.05 (α = 0.05). Results HIF-1α was mainly expressed in the nucleus/cytoplasm of neoplastic cells, most specimens exhibited diffuse staining in neoplastic cells (84.2%), and focal staining was only observed in perinecrotic areas (15.8%). GLUT-1 was expressed in the cytoplasm and membrane of malignant cells, and diffuse staining was observed in all cases. The intensity of HIF-1α expression correlated significantly with clinical stage ( P  = .011) and HGS ( P  = .002). A significant association was observed between the distribution of HIF-1α expression and metastasis ( P  = .040). Immunoexpression of GLUT-1 correlated significantly with clinical stage ( P  = .002) and HGS ( P  = .000). GLUT-1 expression in the peripheral island was predominant in most low-grade tumors (78.6%); in the high-grade cases, the expression prevailed in the location center/periphery (55.8%). Comparison of the location of the tumor island in the different histologic grades showed a statistically significant difference ( P  = .025). Conclusion The expression of HIF and GLUT proteins within TSCC appears to be associated with disease stage, grade, and the presence of metastases. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic uses of these proteins in the treatment of TSCC.