Overexpression of the Trichoderma brevicompactum tri5 gene: effect on the expression of the trichodermin biosynthetic genes and on tomato seedlings

Trichoderma brevicompactum IBT 40841 produces trichodermin, a trichothecene-type toxin that shares most of the steps of its biosynthesis with harzianum A, another trichothecene produced by several Trichoderma species. The first specific step in the trichothecene biosynthesis is carried out by a terp...

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Published in:	Toxins Vol. 3; no. 9; pp. 1220 - 1232
Main Authors:	Tijerino, Anamariela, Hermosa, Rosa, Cardoza, Rosa E, Moraga, Javier, Malmierca, Monica G, Aleu, Josefina, Collado, Isidro G, Monte, Enrique, Gutierrez, Santiago
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 01-09-2011 MDPI
Subjects:	Antioxidants - pharmacology Biosynthesis ergosterol gene expression Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal - drug effects Genes, Fungal - genetics Lycopersicon esculentum - drug effects Lycopersicon esculentum - growth & development Lycopersicon esculentum - microbiology Phenylethyl Alcohol - analogs & derivatives Phenylethyl Alcohol - pharmacology Seedlings Seedlings - drug effects Seedlings - growth & development Seedlings - microbiology terpene Tomatoes Toxins tri genes Trichoderma - genetics Trichodermin - metabolism Trichodermin - toxicity trichothecene tyrosol tyrosol terpene tri genes trichothecene gene expression ergosterol
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Abstract	Trichoderma brevicompactum IBT 40841 produces trichodermin, a trichothecene-type toxin that shares most of the steps of its biosynthesis with harzianum A, another trichothecene produced by several Trichoderma species. The first specific step in the trichothecene biosynthesis is carried out by a terpene cylcase, trichodiene synthase, that catalyzes the conversion of farnesyl pyrophosphate to trichodiene and that is encoded by the tri5 gene. Overexpression of tri5 resulted in increased levels of trichodermin production, but also in an increase in tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol production, two antioxidant compounds that may play a regulatory role in trichothecene biosynthesis, and also in a higher expression of three trichothecene genes, tri4, tri6 and tri10, and of the erg1 gene, which participates in the synthesis of triterpenes. The effect of tri5 overexpression on tomato seedling disease response was also studied.
AbstractList	Trichoderma brevicompactum IBT 40841 produces trichodermin, a trichothecene-type toxin that shares most of the steps of its biosynthesis with harzianum A, another trichothecene produced by several Trichoderma species. The first specific step in the trichothecene biosynthesis is carried out by a terpene cylcase, trichodiene synthase, that catalyzes the conversion of farnesyl pyrophosphate to trichodiene and that is encoded by the tri5 gene. Overexpression of tri5 resulted in increased levels of trichodermin production, but also in an increase in tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol production, two antioxidant compounds that may play a regulatory role in trichothecene biosynthesis, and also in a higher expression of three trichothecene genes, tri4, tri6 and tri10, and of the erg1 gene, which participates in the synthesis of triterpenes. The effect of tri5 overexpression on tomato seedling disease response was also studied. Trichoderma brevicompactum IBT 40841 produces trichodermin, a trichothecene-type toxin that shares most of the steps of its biosynthesis with harzianum A, another trichothecene produced by several Trichoderma species. The first specific step in the trichothecene biosynthesis is carried out by a terpene cylcase, trichodiene synthase, that catalyzes the conversion of farnesyl pyrophosphate to trichodiene and that is encoded by the tri5 gene. Overexpression of tri5 resulted in increased levels of trichodermin production, but also in an increase in tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol production, two antioxidant compounds that may play a regulatory role in trichothecene biosynthesis, and also in a higher expression of three trichothecene genes, tri4 , tri6 and tri10 , and of the erg1 gene, which participates in the synthesis of triterpenes. The effect of tri5 overexpression on tomato seedling disease response was also studied.
Author	Gutierrez, Santiago Malmierca, Monica G Collado, Isidro G Moraga, Javier Monte, Enrique Aleu, Josefina Tijerino, Anamariela Hermosa, Rosa Cardoza, Rosa E
AuthorAffiliation	2 University of León, Campus of Ponferrada, Superior and Technical Universitary School of Agricultural Engineers, Area of Microbiology, Avda. Astorga s/n, 24400 Ponferrada, Spain; Email: recars@unileon.es (R.E.C.); mgomh@unileon.es (M.G.M.) 3 University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Science Faculty, Department of Organic Chemistry, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; Email: javier.moraga@uca.es (J.M.); josefina.aleu@uca.es (J.A.); isidro.gonzalez@uca.es (I.G.C.) 1 Spanish-Portuguese Center of Agricultural Research (CIALE), Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, Campus of Villamayor, Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain; Email: atijerino@usal.es (A.T.); rhp@usal.es (R.H.); emv@usal.es (E.M.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 Spanish-Portuguese Center of Agricultural Research (CIALE), Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, Campus of Villamayor, Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain; Email: atijerino@usal.es (A.T.); rhp@usal.es (R.H.); emv@usal.es (E.M.) – name: 3 University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Science Faculty, Department of Organic Chemistry, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; Email: javier.moraga@uca.es (J.M.); josefina.aleu@uca.es (J.A.); isidro.gonzalez@uca.es (I.G.C.) – name: 2 University of León, Campus of Ponferrada, Superior and Technical Universitary School of Agricultural Engineers, Area of Microbiology, Avda. Astorga s/n, 24400 Ponferrada, Spain; Email: recars@unileon.es (R.E.C.); mgomh@unileon.es (M.G.M.)
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Anamariela surname: Tijerino fullname: Tijerino, Anamariela email: atijerino@usal.es organization: Spanish-Portuguese Center of Agricultural Research (CIALE), Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, Campus of Villamayor, Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain. atijerino@usal.es – sequence: 2 givenname: Rosa surname: Hermosa fullname: Hermosa, Rosa – sequence: 3 givenname: Rosa E surname: Cardoza fullname: Cardoza, Rosa E – sequence: 4 givenname: Javier surname: Moraga fullname: Moraga, Javier – sequence: 5 givenname: Monica G surname: Malmierca fullname: Malmierca, Monica G – sequence: 6 givenname: Josefina surname: Aleu fullname: Aleu, Josefina – sequence: 7 givenname: Isidro G surname: Collado fullname: Collado, Isidro G – sequence: 8 givenname: Enrique surname: Monte fullname: Monte, Enrique – sequence: 9 givenname: Santiago surname: Gutierrez fullname: Gutierrez, Santiago
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Snippet	Trichoderma brevicompactum IBT 40841 produces trichodermin, a trichothecene-type toxin that shares most of the steps of its biosynthesis with harzianum A,... Trichoderma brevicompactum IBT 40841 produces trichodermin, a trichothecene-type toxin that shares most of the steps of its biosynthesis with harzianum A,...
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SubjectTerms	Antioxidants - pharmacology Biosynthesis ergosterol gene expression Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal - drug effects Genes, Fungal - genetics Lycopersicon esculentum - drug effects Lycopersicon esculentum - growth & development Lycopersicon esculentum - microbiology Phenylethyl Alcohol - analogs & derivatives Phenylethyl Alcohol - pharmacology Seedlings Seedlings - drug effects Seedlings - growth & development Seedlings - microbiology terpene Tomatoes Toxins tri genes Trichoderma - genetics Trichodermin - metabolism Trichodermin - toxicity trichothecene tyrosol
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Title	Overexpression of the Trichoderma brevicompactum tri5 gene: effect on the expression of the trichodermin biosynthetic genes and on tomato seedlings
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