Acute effects of intravenous and rectal acetate on glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, ghrelin, adiponectin and tumour necrosis factor-α

• Published in: British journal of nutrition Vol. 103; no. 3; pp. 460 - 466
• Main Authors: Freeland, Kristin R., Wolever, Thomas M. S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 14-02-2010
• Subjects: Acetate; Acetates - blood; acetic acid; adiponectin; Adiponectin - blood; Administration, Rectal; Adult; application methods; Behaviour, Appetite and Obesity; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Glucose - drug effects; Blood Glucose - metabolism; blood plasma; Cross-Over Studies; diet-related diseases; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; ghrelin; Ghrelin - blood; Ghrelin - drug effects; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - blood; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - drug effects; glucagon-like peptides; Hormones; human diseases; human nutrition; Humans; hyperinsulinemia; Infusion; Injections, Intravenous; Insulin - blood; intravenous injection; Kinetics; Middle Aged; nutrition physiology; Patient Selection; peptide YY; Peptide YY - blood; Peptide YY - drug effects; Random Allocation; rectum; Sodium Acetate - administration & dosage; Sodium Acetate - pharmacology; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - blood; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - drug effects; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; women; Infusion; Acetate; Hormones; Intravenous administration; Acute; Cytokine; Adiponectin; Glucagon like peptide 1; Vertebrata; Gastrointestinal hormone; Mammalia; Ghrelin; Rectum; YY peptide; Tumor necrosis factor α
• ISSN: 0007-1145; 1475-2662
• DOI: 10.1017/S0007114509991863

In animals, colonic infusion of SCFA does not affect glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) release whereas intravenous infusion does and SCFA may directly stimulate peptide YY (PYY) release. It is unknown whether SCFA and their route of administration affect human blood concentrations of GLP-1 and PYY. Our aim was to conduct a pilot study to determine the effects of intravenous and rectal acetate on blood concentrations of GLP-1, PYY, ghrelin, adiponectin and TNF-α in hyperinsulinaemic human subjects. Six hyperinsulinaemic female subjects were given 20 mmol sodium acetate intravenously, 60 mmol acetate rectally, or normal saline rectally or intravenously on four separate occasions in randomised order, with blood samples collected at 0, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. Change in plasma PYY was significantly higher after acetate and rectal infusions (9·69 and 13·78 pg/ml) compared with saline and intravenous (0·60 and − 3·1 pg/ml; P < 0·01), respectively. Change in plasma GLP-1 was increased by rectal and acetate infusions (0·25 and 0·23 mmol/l) v. intravenous and saline ( − 0·26 and − 0·19 mmol/l; P < 0·01). Acetate decreased TNF-α v. saline ( − 0·8 and 0·15 pg/ml; P < 0·05). Rectal infusions increased TNF-α and ghrelin (0·2 and 98·27 pg/ml) v. intravenous ( − 0·9 and − 40 pg/ml; P < 0·01). There was no effect of treatment on plasma adiponectin. These preliminary results suggest that acetate raises plasma PYY and GLP-1, and suppresses TNF-α. Also, distending the rectum increases PYY, GLP-1, TNF-α and ghrelin in hyperinsulinaemic females. Increasing colonic fermentation products, particularly acetate, could yield a new mechanism for modifying weight gain.