Normal sleep in African-Americans and Caucasian-Americans: A meta-analysis

• Published in: Sleep medicine Vol. 12; no. 3; pp. 209 - 214
• Main Authors: Ruiter, Megan E, DeCoster, Jamie, Jacobs, Lindsey, Lichstein, Kenneth L
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-03-2011
• Subjects: African Americans - statistics & numerical data; African-Americans; Caucasian-Americans; Ethnicity; European Continental Ancestry Group - statistics & numerical data; Humans; Meta-analysis; Neurology; Normal sleep; Polysomnography; Sleep; Sleep Medicine; Sleep Wake Disorders - ethnology; United States - epidemiology; United States; Normal sleep; Ethnicity; African-Americans; Caucasian-Americans; Polysomnography; Meta-analysis
• ISSN: 1389-9457; 1878-5506
• DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2010.12.010

Abstract Objective This meta-analysis was designed to estimate the average magnitude of ethnic differences between African-Americans and Caucasian-Americans in normal sleep and to identify moderators of these differences. Methods Included studies had to have (1) sufficient information to estimate the difference between African-Americans and Caucasian-Americans on measures of subjective or objective sleep, (2) adult samples, and (3) samples of normal sleepers. Fourteen studies representing 1010 African-Americans and 3156 Caucasian-Americans aged 18 years and older met these criteria. Results Significant ethnic differences were found, with mean effect sizes ranging from −.23 to .57. African-Americans had poorer sleep continuity and duration, less slow wave sleep, and a greater proportion of stage 2 sleep. Differences in sleep continuity and duration variables were moderated by several biopsychosocial factors, whereas sleep architecture differences were not influenced by any examined moderating factor. Conclusions African-Americans slept worse objectively and subjectively than Caucasian-Americans. Sleep continuity and duration were moderated by biopsychosocial factors whereas sleep architecture was not. Implications and future research are discussed.