Molecular Network and Culture Media Variation Reveal a Complex Metabolic Profile in Pantoea cf. eucrina D2 Associated with an Acidified Marine Sponge

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 21; no. 17; p. 6307
• Main Authors: Vitale, Giovanni Andrea, Sciarretta, Martina, Cassiano, Chiara, Buonocore, Carmine, Festa, Carmen, Mazzella, Valerio, Núñez Pons, Laura, D'Auria, Maria Valeria, de Pascale, Donatella
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 31-08-2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Acidification; Acids; Acids - chemistry; Animals; Annotations; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Anti-Bacterial Agents - isolation & purification; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Antimicrobial activity; Antimicrobial agents; Bacteria; biosurfactants; Carbon dioxide; Chondrosia reniformis; Culture media; Culture Media - chemistry; Culture Media - pharmacology; Fatty acids; Humans; hydrothermal vents; Leucine; Libraries; Listeria; Listeria monocytogenes; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolism; Metabolites; Metabolome - drug effects; molecular networking; Nitrogen; NMR; NMR spectroscopy; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Pantoea - physiology; Pantoea eucrina; Pathogens; Phylogeny; Porifera - microbiology; Porifera - physiology; Secondary metabolites; Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects; Two dimensional analysis; Vents; Ischia; Pantoea eucrina; molecular networking; hydrothermal vents; biosurfactants
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176307

The Gram-negative
D2 was isolated from the marine sponge
. Sponges were collected in a shallow volcanic vents system in Ischia island (South Italy), influenced by CO
emissions and lowered pH. The chemical diversity of the secondary metabolites produced by this strain, under different culture conditions, was explored by a combined approach including molecular networking, pure compound isolation and NMR spectroscopy. The metabolome of
cf.
D2 yielded a very complex molecular network, allowing the annotation of several metabolites, among them two biosurfactant clusters: lipoamino acids and surfactins. The production of each class of metabolites was highly dependent on the culture conditions, in particular, the production of unusual surfactins derivatives was reported for the first time from this genus; interestingly the production of these metabolites only arises by utilizing inorganic nitrogen as a sole nitrogen source. Major components of the extract obtained under standard medium culture conditions were isolated and identified as N-lipoamino acids by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HRESI-MS analysis. Assessment of the antimicrobial activity of the pure compounds towards some human pathogens, indicated a moderate activity of leucine containing N-lipoamino acids towards
,
and a clinical isolate of the emerging food pathogen
.