Association between cystatin C and inflammation in patients with essential hypertension

• Published in: Clinical and experimental nephrology Vol. 14; no. 6; pp. 584 - 588
• Main Authors: Okura, Takafumi, Jotoku, Masanori, Irita, Jun, Enomoto, Daijiro, Nagao, Tomoaki, Desilva, Veena Rasika, Yamane, Shiho, Pei, Zuowei, Kojima, Shiho, Hamano, Yasuyuki, Mashiba, Shinichi, Kurata, Mie, Miyoshi, Ken-ichi, Higaki, Jitsuo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Japan Springer Japan 01-12-2010; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Aged; Biomarkers - blood; Blood Pressure; C-Reactive Protein - analysis; Creatinine - blood; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cystatin C; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate - physiology; Humans; Hypertension - blood; Inflammation - blood; Inflammation - physiopathology; Interleukin-6 - blood; Kidney - physiology; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Middle Aged; Nephrology; Original Article; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - blood; Urology; Creatinine; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Estimated glomerular filtration rate; Cystatin C; Interleukin-6
• ISSN: 1342-1751; 1437-7799
• DOI: 10.1007/s10157-010-0334-8

Background
Serum cystatin C is not only a marker of renal function but also acts as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular damage, heart failure, and death. It is known that the initiation and progression of these cardiovascular events contributes to renal dysfunction and chronic inflammation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between cystatin C and proinflammatory cytokines.
Methods
Eighty-eight patients with essential hypertension participated in the study, which involved measuring proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and C reactive protein (CRP).
Results
Positive correlations were detected between cystatin C and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (
r
 = −0.503,
p
 < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (
r
 = −0.246,
p
 = 0.034), and pulse pressure (
r
 = −0.295,
p
 = 0.010). In contrast, serum creatinine correlated only with eGFR (
r
 = −0.755,
p
 < 0.001) and eGFR correlated only with age (
r
 = −0.339,
p
 = 0.001) and not with the other clinical parameters, whereas cystatin C also correlated with log natural (ln) IL-6 (
r
 = −0.247,
p
 = 0.033) and ln TNF-α (
r
 = −0.405,
p
 < 0.001) but not with CRP (
r
 = −0.188,
p
 = 0.108). In contrast, plasma creatinine and eGFR did not correlate with any of these proinflammatory cytokines. Stepwise regression analysis showed that ln TNF-α, eGFR and pulse pressure were independent determinants of serum cystatin C concentration.
Conclusion
This study showed that cystatin C is a marker of inflammation as well as renal function.