Integration of Epigallocatechin Gallate in Gelatin Sponges Attenuates Matrix Metalloproteinase-Dependent Degradation and Increases Bone Formation

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 20; no. 23; p. 6042
• Main Authors: Huang, Anqi, Honda, Yoshitomo, Li, Peiqi, Tanaka, Tomonari, Baba, Shunsuke
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 30-11-2019; MDPI
• Subjects: Absorbable Implants; Aldehydes - antagonists & inhibitors; Aldehydes - metabolism; Animals; Biocompatible Materials - chemical synthesis; Biomedical materials; Bone growth; Bone matrix; Bone Regeneration - drug effects; Bone Resorption - diagnostic imaging; Bone Resorption - prevention & control; Bone surgery; Bones; Calvaria; Catechin; Catechin - analogs & derivatives; Catechin - pharmacology; Cell growth; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Computed tomography; Epigallocatechin gallate; Extracellular matrix; Gelatin; Gelatin - chemistry; Gelatinase A; Gelatinase B; Green tea; Growth factors; Inflammation; Integration; Male; Matrix metalloproteinase; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 - metabolism; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 - metabolism; Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors - pharmacology; Matrix metalloproteinases; Metalloproteinase; Osteoblasts - cytology; Osteoblasts - drug effects; Osteoblasts - physiology; Osteogenesis; Physiology; Pore size; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Regenerative medicine; Skin & tissue grafts; Skull - diagnostic imaging; Skull - drug effects; Skull - injuries; Skull - physiology; Sponges; Tissue engineering; Tissue Engineering - methods; Tissue Scaffolds; Vacuum; X-Ray Microtomography; catechin; matrix metalloproteinase; bone formation; biomaterials; anti-inflammatory reaction
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236042

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 are well-known gelatinases that disrupt the extracellular matrix, including gelatin. However, the advantages of modulating MMP expression in gelatin-based materials for applications in bone regenerative medicine have not been fully clarified. In this study, we examined the effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenol catechin isolated from green tea, on MMP expression in gelatin sponges and its association with bone formation. Four gelatin sponges with or without EGCG were prepared and implanted into bone defects for up to 4 weeks. Histological and immunohistological staining were performed. Micro-computed tomography was used to estimate the bone-forming capacity of each sponge. Our results showed that EGCG integration attenuated MMP-2 (70.6%) and -9 expression (69.1%) in the 1 week group, increased residual gelatin (118.7%), and augmented bone formation (101.8%) in the 4 weeks group in critical-sized bone defects of rat calvaria compared with vacuum-heated gelatin sponges without EGCG. Moreover, vacuum-heated gelatin sponges with EGCG showed superior bone formation compared with other sponges. The results indicated that integration of EGCG in gelatin-based materials modulated the production and activity of MMP-2 and -9 in vivo, thereby enhancing bone-forming capacity.