A Role for Retinoic Acid in Regulating the Regeneration of Deer Antlers

Deer antlers are the only mammalian organs that can be repeatedly regenerated; each year, these complex structures are shed and then regrow to be used for display and fighting. To date, the molecular mechanisms controlling antler regeneration are not well understood. Vitamin A and its derivatives, r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Developmental biology Vol. 251; no. 2; pp. 409 - 423
Main Authors:	Allen, S.P., Maden, M., Price, J.S.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Elsevier Inc 15-11-2002
Subjects:	Aldehyde Oxidoreductases - analysis Alkaline Phosphatase - metabolism Animals Antlers - physiology bone cartilage Cell Differentiation - drug effects Cell Lineage Cells, Cultured chondrocyte Chondrocytes - cytology Chondrocytes - drug effects Deer - physiology deer antler Glycosaminoglycans - analysis osteoblast Osteoblasts - physiology Osteocalcin - analysis RALDH2 Receptors, Retinoic Acid - analysis Regeneration - physiology Retinal Dehydrogenase retinaldehyde dehydrogenase retinoic acid retinoic acid receptor Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha retinoid X receptor Retinoid X Receptors Transcription Factors - analysis Tretinoin - analysis Tretinoin - pharmacology Tretinoin - physiology retinoid X receptor retinoic acid deer antler chondrocyte RALDH2 cartilage bone osteoblast retinoic acid receptor
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