Targeting the NF-κB p65/Bcl-2 signaling pathway in hepatic cellular carcinoma using radiation assisted synthesis of zinc nanoparticles coated with naturally isolated gallic acid

• Published in: Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy Vol. 172; p. 116274
• Main Authors: AboZaid, Omayma A.R., Abdel-Maksoud, Mostafa A., Saleh, Ibrahim A., El-Tayeb, Mohamed A., EL-sonbaty, Sawsan M., Shoker, Faten E., Salem, Maha A., Emad, Ayat M., Mani, Samson, Deva Magendhra Rao, Arunagiri Kuha, Mamdouh, Mohamed A., Kotob, Mohamed H., Aufy, Mohammed, Kodous, Ahmad S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: France Elsevier Masson SAS 01-03-2024; Elsevier
• Subjects: Bcl-2; G2/M; Gallic acid; Hepatic carcinoma; NF-κB p65; Pomegranate peel; Radiation; TGF-β1; Zn-GANPs; Bcl-2; Pomegranate peel; Gallic acid; Zn-GANPs; Radiation; G2/M; TGF-β1; NF-κB p65; Hepatic carcinoma
• ISSN: 0753-3322; 1950-6007
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116274

Oral diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is a known hepatocarcinogen that damages the liver and causes cancer. DEN damages the liver through reactive oxygen species-mediated inflammation and biological process regulation.
Gallic acid-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles (Zn-GANPs) were made from zinc oxide (ZnO) synthesized by irradiation dose of 50 kGy utilizing a Co-60 γ-ray source chamber with a dose rate of 0.83 kGy/h and gallic acid from pomegranate peel. UV–visible (UV) spectrophotometry verified Zn-GANP synthesis. TEM, DLS, and FTIR were utilized to investigate ZnO-NPs' characteristics.
Rats were orally exposed to DEN for 8 weeks at 20 mg/kg five times per week, followed by intraperitoneal injection of Zn-GANPs at 20 mg/kg for 5 weeks. Using oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, liver function, histologic, apoptotic, and cell cycle parameters for evaluating Zn-GANPs treatment.
DEN exposure elevated inflammatory markers (AFP and NF-κB p65), transaminases (AST, ALT), γ-GT, globulin, and total bilirubin, with reduced protein and albumin levels. It also increased MDA levels, oxidative liver cell damage, and Bcl-2, while decreasing caspase-3 and antioxidants like GSH, and CAT. Zn-GANPs significantly mitigated these effects and lowered lipid peroxidation, AST, ALT, and γ-GT levels, significantly increased CAT and GSH levels (p<0.05). Zn-GANPs caused S and G2/M cell cycle arrest and G0/G1 apoptosis. These results were associated with higher caspase-3 levels and lower Bcl-2 and TGF-β1 levels. Zn-GANPs enhance and restore the histology and ultrastructure of the liver in DEN-induced rats.
The data imply that Zn-GANPs may prevent and treat DEN-induced liver damage and carcinogenesis.
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