Is dopaminergic medication dose associated with self-reported bruxism in Parkinson’s disease? A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study

• Published in: Clinical oral investigations Vol. 25; no. 5; pp. 2545 - 2553
• Main Authors: Verhoeff, M. C., Koutris, M., van Selms, M. K. A., Brandwijk, A. N., Heres, M. S., Berendse, H. W., van Dijk, K. D., Lobbezoo, F.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-05-2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Bruxism - epidemiology; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dentistry; Dopamine receptors; Dosage; Female; Humans; Jaw; Levodopa; Male; Medicine; Middle Aged; Movement disorders; Neurodegenerative diseases; Original; Original Article; Pain; Parkinson Disease - drug therapy; Parkinson Disease - epidemiology; Parkinson's disease; Patients; Self Report; Sleep; Sleep Bruxism - epidemiology; Surveys and Questionnaires; Temporomandibular disorders; Tooth wear; Levodopa; Sleep bruxism; Parkinson’s disease; Awake bruxism; Dopaminergic medication
• ISSN: 1432-6981; 1436-3771
• DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03566-0

Objectives
It is not clear whether dopaminergic medication influences bruxism behaviour in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Therefore, the aims are to investigate (i) the prevalence of possible (i.e., self-reported) bruxism (sleep and awake) in PD patients, and (ii) whether the use of dopaminergic medication and other factors (viz., demographic characteristics, PD-related factors, and possible consequences of bruxism) are associated with possible bruxism (sleep or awake).
Materials and methods
This study concerns a secondary analysis of an earlier published study. Three hundred ninety-five PD patients (67.9 ± 8.6 years of age; 58.7% males) were included. The levodopa equivalent daily dosage (LEDD) was used as a measure of the dopaminergic medication level. Subsequently, a logistic regression analysis was performed for the dependent variables ‘awake bruxism’ and ‘sleep bruxism’, with the following predictors: gender, age, LEDD, time since PD diagnosis, temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain, jaw locks, and tooth wear.
Results
The prevalence of possible awake and sleep bruxism was 46.0% and 24.3%, respectively. Awake bruxism was associated with sleep bruxism (OR = 8.52; 95% CI 3.56–20.40), TMD pain (OR = 4.51; 95% CI 2.31–8.79), and tooth wear (OR = 1.87; 95% CI 1.02–3.43). Sleep bruxism was associated with tooth wear (OR = 12.49; 95% CI 4.97–31.38) and awake bruxism (OR = 9.48; 95% CI 4.24–21.19). Dopaminergic medication dose was not associated with awake bruxism (OR = 1.0; 95% CI 0.99–1.00) or sleep bruxism (OR = 1.0; 95% CI 0.99–1.00).
Conclusion
Bruxism is a common condition in PD patients, but is not associated with the dopaminergic medication dose.
Clinical relevance
(Oral) health care providers should be alerted about the possibility of sleep and awake bruxism activity in PD patients, along with this activity’s possible negative health outcomes (viz., TMD pain, tooth wear).