Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using extracellular metabolites of fish gut microbes and their antimicrobial properties

• Published in: Brazilian journal of microbiology Vol. 51; no. 3; pp. 957 - 967
• Main Authors: Rajasekar, T., Karthika, K., Muralitharan, G., Maryshamya, A., Sabarika, S., Anbarasu, S., Revathy, K., Prasannabalaji, N., Kumaran, S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01-09-2020; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animal models; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antimicrobial activity; Antimicrobial agents; Bacteria - drug effects; Biocompatibility; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biosynthesis; Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology - Research Paper; Color vision; Culture Media, Conditioned - metabolism; Culture Media, Conditioned - pharmacology; Danio rerio; Embryo, Nonmammalian - drug effects; Fishes - microbiology; Food Microbiology; Fourier analysis; Fourier transforms; Functional groups; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gold; Gold - chemistry; Gold - pharmacology; Green Chemistry Technology; Infrared analysis; Infrared spectroscopy; Intestinal microflora; Larvae; Life Sciences; Mackerel; Medical Microbiology; Metabolites; Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry; Microbial Ecology; Microbial Genetics and Genomics; Microbiology; Microorganisms; Mycology; Nanoparticles; Scanning electron microscopy; Spectrum analysis; Toxicity; Toxicity testing; Transmission electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction; Zebrafish; Gold nanoparticles; Marine fish; Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• ISSN: 1517-8382; 1678-4405
• DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00263-8

In the present study, we synthesis nanoparticles using biosynthesis methods because of the eco-friendly approach. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized using extracellular metabolites of marine bacteria (
Rastrelliger kanagurta, Selachimorpha sp.,
and
Panna microdon
). After the synthesis gold nanoparticles checked their antibacterial and antimycobacterial activities. Here we have few techniques that have been used for characterizing the gold nanoparticles followed by ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectrophotometer analysis, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We observed the formation of gold nanoparticles using UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis). FT-IR spectroscopy results of the extracellular metabolites showed that different characteristic functional groups are responsible for the bioreduction of gold ions. In the recent years, we used zebrafish for an animal model to estimate nanoparticle toxicity and biocompatibility. We tested toxicity of the gold nanoparticle using the zebrafish larvae that are growing exponentially. Sample 1 showed a good antimicrobial activity, and sample 5 showed a good antimycobacterial activity. Based on the UV spectrophotometer, sample 1 is used for further studies. Color change and UV spectrum confirmed gold nanoparticles. Based on the TEM and SEM particles, size was measured and ranged between 80 and 45 nm, and most of the particles are spherical and are in rod shape. XRD result showed the gold nanoparticles with crystalline nature. Toxicity studies in the zebrafish larvae showed that 50 μg ml
−1
showed less toxicity. Based on the studies, gold nanoparticle has good antibacterial and antimycobacterial activities. The present was concluded that gold nanoparticles have potential biocompatibility and less toxicity. Gold nanoparticles will be used as a drug molecule in pharmaceutical company and biomedicine application.