Pharmacological Therapies for the Management of Inflammatory Bone Resorption in Periodontal Disease: A Review of Preclinical Studies

• Published in: BioMed research international Vol. 2022; pp. 5832009 - 23
• Main Authors: Pavanelli, Angelica Leticia Reis, de Menezes, Bruna Silva, Pereira, Erica Bianca Barbosa, de Souza Morais, Fabio Assuncao, Cirelli, Joni Augusto, de Molon, Rafael Scaf
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Hindawi 02-05-2022; John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Hindawi Limited
• Subjects: Alveolar bone; Alveolar Bone Loss - prevention & control; Animals; Antibodies; Arthritis; Biofilms; Biomedical materials; Bisphosphonates; Bone diseases; Bone resorption; Bone Resorption - complications; Bone Resorption - drug therapy; Cell differentiation; Cementum; Chemokines; Connective tissue diseases; Connective tissues; Curcumin; Cytokines; Differentiation; Disabilities; Drug therapy; Drugs; Flavonoids; Gum disease; Host-parasite interactions; Humans; Immune response; Immune system; Immunomodulation; Immunosuppressive agents; Infections; Inflammation; Injections; Lymphocytes; Osteoclastogenesis; Osteoclasts; Osteoclasts - metabolism; Parasites; Periodontal disease; Periodontal diseases; Periodontal Diseases - complications; Periodontal Diseases - drug therapy; Periodontal ligament; Periodontitis; Periodontitis - complications; Pharmacology; Pharmacology, Experimental; Probiotics; Quality of Life; Review; Reviews; Rodents; Strontium; Teeth; Tissues; TRANCE protein; Brazil
• ISSN: 2314-6133; 2314-6141
• DOI: 10.1155/2022/5832009

Periodontitis, a highly prevalent multicausal chronic inflammatory and destructive disease, develops as a result of complex host-parasite interactions. Dysbiotic bacterial biofilm in contact with the gingival tissues initiates a cascade of inflammatory events, mediated and modulated by the host’s immune response, which is characterized by increased expression of several inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines in the connective tissue. If periodontal disease (PD) is left untreated, it results in the destruction of the supporting tissues around the teeth, including periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone, which lead to a wide range of disabilities and poor quality of life, thus imposing significant burdens. This process depends on the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for reabsorbing the bone tissue. Therefore, the inhibition of differentiation or activity of these cells is a promising strategy for controlling bone resorption. Several pharmacological drugs that target osteoclasts and inflammatory cells with immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, such as bisphosphonates, anti-RANK-L antibody, strontium ranelate, cathepsin inhibitors, curcumin, flavonoids, specialized proresolving mediators, and probiotics, were already described to manage inflammatory bone resorption during experimental PD progression in preclinical studies. Meantime, a growing number of studies have described the beneficial effects of herbal products in inhibiting bone resorption in experimental PD. Therefore, this review summarizes the role of several pharmacological drugs used for PD prevention and treatment and highlights the targeted action of all those drugs with antiresorptive properties. In addition, our review provides a timely and critical appraisal for the scientific rationale use of the antiresorptive and immunomodulatory medications in preclinical studies, which will help to understand the basis for its clinical application.