Ischemic preconditioning reduces neurologic injury in a rat model of spinal cord ischemia

• Published in: The Annals of thoracic surgery Vol. 68; no. 3; pp. 874 - 880
• Main Authors: Zvara, David A., Colonna, David M., Deal, Dwight D., Vernon, Jason C., Gowda, Mamatha, Lundell, John C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01-09-1999; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Animals; Aorta - physiology; Behavior, Animal; Biological and medical sciences; Constriction; Ischemia - complications; Ischemia - pathology; Ischemic Preconditioning; Locomotion; Male; Medical sciences; Nervous System Diseases - diagnosis; Nervous System Diseases - etiology; Nervous System Diseases - prevention & control; Neurologic Examination; Paraplegia - etiology; Paraplegia - prevention & control; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Spinal Cord - blood supply; Spinal Cord - pathology; Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases; Surgery of the heart; Occlusion; Nervous system diseases; Spinal cord; Rat; Rodentia; Central nervous system; Cardiovascular disease; Experimental study; Survival; Vascular disease; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Functional recovery; Ischemia; Surgery; Animal; Central nervous system disease; Aorta; Technique; Spinal cord disease; Protection; Preconditioning
• ISSN: 0003-4975; 1552-6259
• DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00559-7

Background. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is an endogenous cellular protective mechanism whereby brief, noninjurious periods of ischemia render a tissue more resistant to a subsequent, more prolonged ischemic insult. We hypothesized that IPC of the spinal cord would reduce neurologic injury after experimental aortic occlusion in rats and that this improved neurologic benefit could be induced acutely after a short reperfusion interval separating the IPC and the ischemic insult.
Methods. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The IPC group (n = 20) had 3 minutes of aortic occlusion to induce spinal cord ischemia 30 minutes of reperfusion, and 12 minutes of ischemia, whereas the controls (n = 20) had only 12 minutes of ischemia. Neurologic function was evaluated 24 and 48 hours later. Some animals from these groups were perfusion-fixed for hematoxylin and eosin staining of the spinal cord for histologic evaluation.
Results. Survival was significantly better at 48 hours in the IPC group. Sensory and motor neurologic function were significantly different between groups at 24 and 48 hours. Histologic evaluation at 48 hours showed severe neurologic damage in rats with poor neurologic test scores.
Conclusions. Ischemic preconditioning reduces neurologic injury and improves survival in a rat model of spinal cord ischemia. The protective benefit of IPC is acutely invoked after a 30-minute reperfusion interval between the preconditioning and the ischemic event.