Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Their Interaction with the Gut Microbiome in the Prevention and Amelioration of Type-2 Diabetes

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 14; no. 9; p. 1723
• Main Authors: Kumar, Manoj, Pal, Namrata, Sharma, Poonam, Kumawat, Manoj, Sarma, Devojit Kumar, Nabi, Bilkees, Verma, Vinod, Tiwari, Rajnarayan R, Shubham, Swasti, Arjmandi, Bahram, Nagpal, Ravinder
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 21-04-2022; MDPI
• Subjects: alpha-linolenic acid; Body fat; Cardiovascular disease; Complications; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - prevention & control; Diabetic neuropathy; Diabetic retinopathy; Diet; Digestive system; docosahexaenoic acid; Dysbacteriosis; Dysbiosis - prevention & control; eicosapentaenoic acid; Enzymes; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - pharmacology; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - therapeutic use; Fish; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology; gut; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hyperglycemia - drug therapy; Inflammation; Insulin resistance; Intestinal microflora; Kinases; Lipids; Metabolism; Microbiomes; Microbiota; Molecular modelling; omega-3 fatty acids; Oxidative stress; Prevention; Review; Seafood; Senescence; microbiota; eicosapentaenoic acid; alpha-linolenic acid; docosahexaenoic acid; gut; diabetes mellitus; omega-3 fatty acids
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu14091723

Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often linked with hyperglycemia, disturbed lipid profiles, inflammation, and gut dysbiosis. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation has a vital role in the management of T2DM. As a result, a better understanding of the potential role of omega-3 fatty acids in the development and progression of T2DM by influencing the intestinal microflora will help to improve the therapeutic intervention for T2DM and related complications. Focusing on the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways induced by omega-3 fatty acids, this paper attempts to comprehensively review and discuss the putative associations between omega-3 fatty acids, gut dysbiosis, and the pathophysiology of T2DM and its related comorbidities. In addition, we contemplate the importance of gut microbiota in T2DM prevention and treatment and ponder the role of omega-3 fatty acids in T2DM by positively modulating gut microbiota, which may lead to discovery of novel targets and therapeutic strategies thereby paving way for further comprehensive, mechanistic, and clinical studies.